28/12/12

Question 1

What are the different subtypes of muscarinic receptors?

Answer 1

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M1 - Neural
M2 - Cardiac
M3 - Exocrine + Smooth muscle
M4 - Periphery 
M5 - Striatal dopamine release

Question 2

Give some locations of adrenoceptors and their organs.

Answer 2

See lectures and p778 table 61-1.

Question 3

Draw the diagram for the control of HR with ANS?

Answer 3

See diagram

Question 4

What blocks nicotinic receptors?

Answer 4

Trimetaphan and Hexamethonium

Question 5

What blocks muscarinic receptors?

Answer 5

Atropine and Hyoscine

Atropine is used an anaesthetic premed to dry up secretions

Question 6

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 6

Skeletal muscle (including diaphragm and respiratory muscle)

Question 7

What NS controls the vascular system?

Answer 7

SNS
a1 = vasconstriction
b2 = vasodilation

Question 8

Describe the synthesis, release and metabolism of ACh?

Answer 8

See diagram

Choline acetyltransferase
Acetylcholinesterase

Question 9

Describe the synthesis, release and metabolism of NA?

Answer 9

See diagram

Hydroxylation , decarboxylation, hydroxylation
COMT(target tissue) and MAO

Question 10

What are the two types of ion channels?

Answer 10

Voltage sensitive

Receptor-linked

Question 11

Give an example of a calcium channel blocker?

Answer 11

Nifidipine - used as LA –> generate fewer action potentials = reduced pain

Question 12

What are the three ways drugs interact with enzymes?

Answer 12

Enzyme inhibitors
False substrates
Prodrugs

Question 13

Give an example of an anticholinesterase?

Answer 13

Neostigmine

Question 14

Give an example of a prodrug?

Answer 14

Chloral hydrate –> Trichloroethanol

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Question 15

What is an example of protein binding drug?

Answer 15

Warfrin

Question 16

Define affinity of a drug?

Answer 16

The avidity of a drug to its binding site

Question 17

Define efficacy of a drug?

Answer 17

The ability of the drug to cause a conformation change in the receptor

Question 18

Define full agonist

Answer 18

A drug that can produce the maximum response of a tissue

Question 19

Describe cardiac glycosides?

Answer 19

Target the Na+/K+ pump system. They are cardiac stimulant drugs that slow Na+/K+ pump down leading to increased intracellular Ca2+ so an increased inotropic effect.

Question 20

Give an example of a cardiac glycoside?

Answer 20

Digoxin

Question 21

Give an example of a competitive antagonist?

Answer 21

Atropine and propanolol

Question 22

Give an example of an irreversible antagonist?

Answer 22

Hexamethonium

Question 23

What is propanolol used for?

Answer 23

Competitive beta blocker