2.7 MEMBRANE LIPIDS: PHOSPHOLIPIDS

Question 1

● three common types of membrane lipids

Answer 1

● (phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol)

Question 2

● Most contain an even number of carbon atoms. Carbon chain length is up to 24 carbon atoms

Answer 2

Fatty acids)

Question 3

● Classification Based on Degree of Unsaturation

Answer 3

● SATURATED, MONOUNSATURATED AND POLYUNSATURATED)

Question 4

● No double bonds are present in the carbon chain. Dietary effect is an increase in heart disease risk

Answer 4

(Saturated)

Question 5

● Classification Based on Configuration of Double Bond for monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 5

( CIS AND TRANS

Question 5

● One double bond is present in the carbon chain. Dietary effect is a decrease in heart disease risk

Answer 5

monounsaturated

Question 5

● Two or more double bonds are present in the carbon chain. Dietary effect is “mixed”; there have been several conflicting studies relative to heart disease risk.

Answer 5

polyunsaturated

Question 5

● fatty acids have effects on blood chemistry similar to those of saturated fatty acids

Answer 5

(TRANS)

Question 5

● First double bond is six carbons away from the CH3 end of the carbon chain. Linoleic acid

Answer 5

● (18:2) is the primary member of this family. (omega-6)

Question 5

___ is a lipid that contains one or more fatty acids, a phosphate group, a platform molecule to which the fatty acid(s) and the phosphate group are attached, and an alcohol that is attached to the phosphate group

Answer 5

phospholipid

Question 6

● Classification Based on Location of Double Bond for polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 6

omega-3 and omega-6)

Question 7

● First double bond is three carbons away from the CH3 end of the carbon chain. Linolenic acid (18:3) is the primary member of this family.

Answer 7

. (omega-3

Question 8

● The platform molecule on which a phospholipid is built may be the________ OR __________________

Answer 8

( 3-carbon alcohol glycerol or a more complex C18 aminodialcohol called sphingosine)

Question 9

_____ is a lipid that contains two fatty acids and a phosphate group esterified to a glycerol molecule and an alcohol esterified to the phosphate group
contains ester linkages
undergo hydrolysis and saponification reactions that contains five reaction products

Answer 9

(Glycerophospholipid)

Question 10

____ is the parent source for the minus one charged phosphate group used in the formation of glycerophospholipids

Answer 10

(phosphoric acid)

Question 11

● 3 amino alcohol groups attached to the phosphate group in glycerophospholipid

Answer 11

● (choline, ethanolamine, or serine)

Question 12

● Glycerophospholipids containing these three amino (choline, ethanolamine, or serine) alcohols are respectively known as?

Answer 12

● (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylserines)

Question 13

● Glycerophospholipids function almost exclusively as components of?

Answer 13

cell membranes

Question 14

● hydrophobic (“water-hating”) portion of glycerophospholipid

Answer 14

● (the non polar fatty acid groups — tails)

Question 15

● hydrophilic(“water-loving”) portion of glycerophospholipid______

Answer 15

(The polar head group– choline and phosphate)

Question 16

● also known as lecithins, are waxy solids that form colloidal suspensions in water. Egg yolks and soybeans are good dietary sources of these lipids,The enzyme lecithinase in the intestine hydrolyzes before it passes to body fluids. It is made in the liver. The food industry used them as emulsifiers to promote the mixing of otherwise immiscible materials. Mayonnaise, ice cream, and custards are some of the products they are found in

Answer 16

phosphatidylcholines

Question 17

_________also known as cephalins. These compounds are found in heart and liver tissue and in high concentrations in the brain. They are important in blood clotting

Answer 17

Phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines

Question 18

● is a lipid that contains one fatty acid and one phosphate group attached to a sphingosine molecule and an alcohol attached to the phosphate group

Answer 18

(sphingophospholipid)

Question 18

● All phospholipids derived from sphingosine have______

Answer 18

● ((1) the fatty acid attached to the sphingosine —NH2 group via an amide linkage (2) the phosphate group attached to the sphingosine terminal —OH group via an ester linkage and (3) an additional alcohol esterified to the phosphate group.)

Question 19

● tails of the Sphingophospholipids

Answer 19

● ( the fatty acid and the long carbon chain of sphingosine)

Question 20

● The polar head of Sphingophospholipids

Answer 20

● ( PHOSPHATE GROUP WITH ESTERIFIED ALCOHOL)

Question 21

● Sphingophospholipids in which the alcohol esterified to the phosphate group is choline are called ___________ and are found in all cell membranes and are important structural components of the myelin sheath, the protective and insulating coating that surrounds nerves

Answer 21

sphingomyelins

Question 21

● Two types of phospholipids are?

Answer 21

● glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids

Question 21

1. Based on the biological function, phospholipids are classified as?

Answer 21

• membrane lipids

Question 22

2. Which of the following types of lipids contain both ester and amide linkages?

Answer 22

• sphingoglycolipids

Question 23

3. Which of the following statements about the molecule sphingosine is correct?

Answer 23

• 2 hydroxyl group and one amino group

Question 24

4. when the “head and 2 tails” structural model is applied to glycerophospholipid, the 2 tails are?

Answer 24

• both fatty and acid residue

Question 25

5. When the “head and 2 tails” structural model is applied to sphingophospholipid, the 2 tails are?

Answer 25

• The fatty residue and part of the sphingosine molecule

Question 26

6. In terms of head and two tails model for phospholipid

Answer 26

• both tails are hydrophobic