2.11 EMULSIFICATION LIPIDS: BILE ACIDS

Question 1

● is a substance that can disperse and stabilize water-insoluble substances as colloidal particles in an aqueous solution.

Answer 1

(emulsifier

Question 2

● Cholesterol derivatives called ________function as emulsifying agents that facilitate the absorption of dietary lipids in the intestine. Their mode of action is much like that of soap during washing.

Answer 2

bile acids)

Question 3

● From ________ TO _________of the daily production of cholesterol by the liver is used to replenish bile acid stores.

Answer 3

(one-third to one-half)

Question 4

● Obtained by oxidation of cholesterol, bile acids differ structurally from cholesterol in three respects:

Answer 4

1. They are tri- or dihydroxy cholesterol derivatives. 2. The carbon 17 side chain of cholesterol has been oxidized to a carboxylic acid. 3. The oxidized acid side chain is bonded to an amino acid (either glycine or taurine) through an amide linkage.)

Question 5

● the three major types of bile acids produced from cholesterol by biochemical oxidation:

Answer 5

(cholic acid, 7-deoxycholic acid, and 12-deoxycholic acid)

Question 6

● Bile acids always carry an amino acid (______ or ______) attached to the side-chain carboxyl group via an amide linkage. The presence of this amino acid attachment increases both the polarity of the bile acid and its water solubility.

Answer 6

(glycine or taurine)

Question 7

● a bile acid characterixed by the presence of glycine as the amino acid

Answer 7

glycocholic acid)

Question 8

● Beside bile acids, bile also contains ________ which is describe as the breakdown of hemoglobin

Answer 8

Bile pigments)

Question 8

● The medium through which bile acids are supplied to the small intestine is __________ which is define as the fluid containing emulsifying agents that is secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine during digestion

Answer 8

bile

Question 8

● a bile acid characterized by the presence of taurine as the amino acid

Answer 8

( taurocholic acid)

Question 9

● What can upset the balance between the cholesterol present in bile and the bile acid derivatives needed to maintain cholesterol’s solubility in the bile?

Answer 9

increased secretion of cholesterol and a decrease in the size of the bile pool)

Question 10

● the result of the increased secretion of cholesterol and a decrease in the size of the bile pool is the?

Answer 10

precipitation of crystallized cholesterol from the bile and the resulting formation of gallstones in the gallbladder)

Question 11

1. which of the following statements concerning bile acid is incorrect?

Answer 11

• they are insoluble in water

Question 12

2. Which of the following statements concerning the structural characteristics of bile acid is correct?

Answer 12

• more hydroxyl groups are present than in cholesterol

Question 13

kaya pa?

Answer 13

dili na :((