27 Introduction and history of intelligence Flashcards
When did Sir Francis Galton publish Hereditary Genius?
1869
What are some examples of Galton’s tests of “intelligence”
Sensory acuity
Head size
Distance at which two pinpricks are perceived as separate
What other innovations are attributed to Galton?
The normal curve
Correlation
Twin studies
Heritability
In what year was the Binet-Simon scale developed?
1905
What was the sample size for age-norming the Binet-Simon?
50 French children
What skills were included in the original Binet-Simon?
Follow match with eyes
Name body parts
Repeat series of digits
Reproduce drawings from memory
What index was the outcome of the Binet-Simon?
A mental age was assigned to the subject
What was assigned to each task in the Binet-
Simon?
An age level. The youngest age at which a child of normal intelligence should be able to complete the task.
Why was the Binet-Simon test developed?
It was initially developed to detect feeble-minded children
How did Henry H Goddard use the test to control immigration?
It was administered to dumb-looking immigrants at Ellis Island (Goddard and his team used to pick them out), who were turned away.
What are the four bands in Goddard’s classification of sub-standard intelligence?
Idiots:Mental Age(<2)
Imbecile:Mental Age (3-7)
Feeble-‐minded:Mental Age (8-12)
Moron: Highest Functioning Mentally Retarded
What are the two tests Godard developed for the army?
Army Alpha and Army Beta
What was the difference between Army Alpha and Army Beta?
Army Alpha contained written language. Army Beta was just pictures (for illiterates)
What was the average mental age after administration of 1.75 million army tests?
13.08 (Moron = 12)
In 1916, __________ revised and published Binet’s test in America as the ___________
In 1916, Lewis Terman revised and published Binet’s test in America as the Stanford-Binet
What was the score produced by the Stanford-Binet test called?
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
What was the formula for IQ in the first Stanford-Binet?
Mental age / chronological age x 100
According to the early Stanford-Binet, if your mental age is 8 and your chronological age is 16, your IQ is ___?
50
What are the problems with ratio IQ?
Ratio IQ only works if mental age increases proportionally with actual age.
Hard to make comparisons across ages. If I score the same as someone a year younger than me, that means they’re smarter.
At what age did Terman define the cut-off for mental development?
16
Who invented deviation IQ, when, and what was it called?
In 1939 David Wechsler invented the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales
What is deviation IQ?
A norm-referenced score of how different you are from the mean performance of a comparison group, or “standardization sample”
What is the mean and SD of the WAIS?
M=100, SD=15
