27 - intro to viruses Flashcards
what are most infectious diseases caused by
viruses
what pathogen class includes only viruses and how do they harm you
Class 4. kill you super fast, no cure, or super infectious
what is the risk for class 1 pathogens, what is needed for lab work, what kind of lab
- Class 1 - No risk or limited risk
- Work on open lab bench
- E. coli
- Work on open lab bench
- P1 lab: just normal lab
what is the risk for class 2 pathogens, what is needed for lab work, what kind of lab
- Moderate risk
- Limited access to lab
- passcodes, or key card
- Lab coat required
- Laminar hoods used
- Herpes virus
- P2 lab
what is the risk for class 3 pathogens, what is needed for lab work, what kind of lab
- Risk of death of serious illness
- Restricted access, special training required (government certification)
- Surgical gowns, gloves, respirators (no possibility to breathe air with pathogens)
- All liquids/air coming in/out is filtered and/or treated
- treated with chemicals
- Everything coming out is autoclaved and incinerated
- HIV, Y. Pestis (plague)
- P3 lab
- normally within a p2 lab
what is the risk for class 4 pathogens, what is needed for lab work, what kind of lab
- Lethal, highly infectious, untreatable
- Lab accessed by airlock, special training required
- “Space suit” worn, shower going in or out
- supplied with air, showered with antiseptic material
- Low pressure in lab (leaks will be IN), airlocks
- All liquids and gases filtered/treated going in and out
- Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, Hanta virus, smallpox
- P4 lab
- located in winnipeg in canada
what are the 4 components of virus structure?
- Genetic information
- Surrounded by a capsid
- Some carry additional proteins
- Some are enveloped
what are the components of genetic information in virus structure
- DNA or RNA
- can be double, single, or mix of strands
what does it mean for a virus to be surrounded by a capsid
Hollow container made of protein
what are the two additional proteins a virus may carry
- enzymes: may help to get into cell, take over cell, destroy cell
- regulatory proteins: not enzymes, have ability to bind to proteins in the host cell and change the function. ensures that the virus reproduces and not the host cell
describe the enveloping of viruses in terms of structure
- Capsid is surrounded by a membrane
- steals a little piece from the host
- Remnant of the host cell membrane
- Contains viral proteins
- have pieces on the inside that recognize the capsid structure - part of how virus steal membrane from the cell
what is the significance of viral proteins being related to host proteins
- as if a host cell broke off and went rogue
- oncogenes → switched on and forms cancer to occur
what happens when a viral protein binds to a host protein
- alter that protein’s function
- virus may have a protein that will stick to the host enzyme and causes it to carry out a reaction on viral substances
- Control cellular regulatory systems
what are the two common elements of all viruses
- Duplication of genetic information
- Production of viral protein
what two host proteins/machinery do viral processes utilize and what issues does this create
- ribosome (main machinery to make proteins)
- nucleic acid polymerases (main machinery to transcribe/translate nucleic acid)
- makes them very difficult to target with drugs
- if you go after anything in the virus that is behaving in the same way as a ribosome or nucleic acid polymerase, the drug will target the human system as well
- not clean drugs, lost of side effects
