2.7

Question 1

Axial Position

Answer 1

Location in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry in which there is another atom at 180 degree angle and the equatorial positions are at a 90 degree angle

Question 2

Bond Angle

Answer 2

Angle between any two covalent bonds that share a common atom

Question 3

Bonding orbital

Answer 3

Molecular orbital located between two nuclei; electrons in a bonding orbital stabilize a molecule

Question 4

Electron-pair geometry

Answer 4

Arrangment around a central atom of all regions of electron density

Question 5

Equatorial position

Answer 5

One of the three positions in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with 120 degree angles between them; the axial positions are located at a 90 degree angle

Question 6

Hybrid Orbital

Answer 6

Orbital created by combining atomic orbitals on a central atom

Question 7

Hybridization

Answer 7

Model that describes thee changes in the atomic orbitals of an atom when it forms a covalent compound

Question 8

Hypervalent Molecule

Answer 8

Molecule containing at least one main group element that has more than eight electrons in its valence shell

Question 9

Lewis Structure

Answer 9

Diagram showing lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons in a molecule or an ion

Question 10

Linear

Answer 10

Shape in which two outside groups are placed on opposite sides of a central atom

Question 11

Linear combination of atomic orbitals

Answer 11

Technique for combining atomic orbitals to create Molecular orbitals

Question 12

Lone Pair

Answer 12

Two Valence electrons that are not used to form a covalent bond

Question 13

Molecular Orbital

Answer 13

Region of space in which an electron has a high probability of being found in a molecule

Question 14

Molecular Orbital Diagram

Answer 14

Visual representation of the relative energy levels of molecular orbitals

Question 15

Molecular Orbital Theory

Answer 15

Model that describes the behavior of electrons delocalized throughout a molecule in terms of the combination of atomic wave functions

Question 16

Molecular Structure

Answer 16

Arrangement of atoms in a molecule or ion; structure that includes only the placement of the atoms in the molecule

Question 17

Node

Answer 17

Plane separating different lobes of orbitals, where the probability of finding an electron is zero

Question 18

Octahedral

Answer 18

Shape in which six outside groups are placed around a central atom such that a three-dimensional shape is generated with four groups forming a square and the other two forming the apex of two pyramids, one above and one below the square plane

Question 19

Octet Tule

Answer 19

Guideline that states main group atoms will for structures in which eight valence electrons interact with each nucleus, counting bonding electrons as interacting with both atoms connected by a bond

Question 20

Overlap

Answer 20

Coexistence of orbitals from two different atoms sharing the same region of space, leading to the formation of a covalent bond

Question 21

Pi Bond

Answer 21

Covalent bond formed by side-by-side overlap of atomic orbitals; the electron density is found on opposite sides of the internuclear axis

Question 22

Polar Covalent bond

Answer 22

Covalent bond between atoms of different electronegativities; a covalent a covalent bond with a positive end and a negative end

Question 23

Polar Molecule

Answer 23

Molecule with an overall dipole moment

Question 24

Pure covalent bond

Answer 24

Covalent bond between atoms of identical electronegativities

Question 25

Resonance

Answer 25

Situation in which one Lewis structure is insufficient to describe the bonding in a molecule and the average of multiple structures is observed

Question 26

Sigma Bond

Answer 26

Covalent bond formed by overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis

Question 27

Single Bond

Answer 27

Bond in which a single pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

Question 28

sp Hybrid Orbital

Answer 28

One of the set of two orbitals with a linear arrangement that results from combining one s and one p orbitals

Question 29

sp2 Hybrid orbital

Answer 29

One of a set of three orbitals with a trigonal planar arrangement that results from combining one s and two p orbitals

Question 30

sp3 Hybrid Orbital

Answer 30

One of a set of four orbitals with a tetrahedral arrangement that results from combining one s and three p orbitals

Question 31

Tetrahedral

Answer 31

Shape in which four outside groups are placed around a central atom such that a three-dimensional shape is generated with four corned and 109.5 degrees between each pair and the central atom

Question 32

Trigonal Bipyramidal

Answer 32

Shape in which five outside groups are placed around a central atom such that three form a flat triangle with 120 degree angles between each pair and the central atom, and the other two forms the apex of two pyramids, one above and one below the triangular plane

Question 33

Trigonal Planar

Answer 33

Shape in which three outside groups are placed in a flat triangle around a central atom with 120 degrees between each pair and the central atom

Question 34

Triple Bond

Answer 34

Bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

Question 35

Valence Bond Theory

Answer 35

Description of bonding that involves atomic orbitals overlapping to form sigma or pi bong=ds, within which pairs of electrons are shared

Question 36

Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)

Answer 36

Theory used to predict the bond angles in a molecule based on positioning regions of high electron density as far apart as possible to minimize electrostatic repulsion