26: Neurodegenerative Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Two things aggregates of misfolded proteins cause

A
  1. Gain of toxicity

2. Loss of biological function

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2
Q

Neurodegenerative diseases

A

Large group of neurological disorders primarily affecting neurons, with heterogeneous clinical and pathological expression

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3
Q

Common denominator of neurodegenerative disorders

A

Misfolded proteins

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4
Q

Familial vs sporadic neurodegenerative disorders

A

Familial: mutations in specific genes; early onset forms of disease
Sporadic: usually due to brain aging/random mutation; represent late onset of disease

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5
Q

Most common neurodegenerative disorder + most common form of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

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6
Q

Extracellular vs intracellular deposits in Alzheimer’s

A

Extracellular: AB misfolding -> insoluble plaques in the brain
Intracellular: tau proteins are hyperphosphorylated -> form neurofibrillary tangles

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7
Q

Treatment for Parkinson’s

A

Symptomatic treatment; dopamine replacement therapy, deep brain stimulation, surgery

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8
Q

Role of Htt protein

A

Development of brain neurons before birth, signaling, transport, protecting cell from apoptosis, possible role in DNA repair

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9
Q

HTT gene normal amount of trinucleotide repeats

A

10-35 CAG repeats is normal

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10
Q

What does CAG code for? What does it form?

A

CAG = glutamine; with lots of repeats, the polyglutamine structure forms intramolecular H bonds -> misfolding and aggregation

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