16: Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are xanthelasma palpebrarum and corneal arcus associated with?

A

High cholesterol

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2
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

Elevated blood glucose / uncontrolled DM

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3
Q

Requirements for metabolic syndrome: need one of four things and two of four things… list those things

A

One of the following

  1. DM
  2. Impaired glucose tolerance
  3. Impaired fasting glucose
  4. Insulin resistance

Two of the following

  1. High BP
  2. Dyslipidemia
  3. Central obesity
  4. Microabluminuria
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4
Q

Two newborn screenings for IEMs

A

Heel stick + hearing screen within 24-48 hours of birth

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5
Q

Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency symptoms

A

Psychomotor delay, hypotonia, seizures, too much salivation, difficulty swallowing

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6
Q

Treatment for dihydropteridine reductase deficiency

A

BH4 and folate supplements

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7
Q

GALT deficiency

A

Can’t metabolize galactose/lactose into glucose -> galactose builds up

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8
Q

Symptoms of GALT deficiency

A

Failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, liver damage, jaundice, cataracts

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9
Q

Kwashiorkor vs marasum

A

Kwashiorkor: severe protein deficiency
Marasmus: severe protein and calorie deficiency

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10
Q

Symptoms of kwashiorkor

A

Edema of hands and feet, light-colored skin, thinning hair, distended abdomen, shiny skin, anemia, irritability, enlarged fatty liver

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11
Q

Symptoms of marasmus

A

Emaciated, chronic diarrhea, respiratory infections, intellectual disability, stunted growth, apathy, no energy

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12
Q

What type of anemia is caused by B12 deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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13
Q

Symptoms of B12 deficiency

A

Fatigue, inflammation of the tongue and decreased taste, numbness and tingling in extremities

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14
Q

What vitamin deficiency is associated with Crohn’s and cystic fibrosis, and why?

A

Vitamin E - requires fat absorption, which is impaired in those conditions

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15
Q

Vitamin B2 deficiency

A

Stomatitis, sore throat, chapped lips, rashes, bloodshot eyes, photosensitivity, anemia

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16
Q

Vitamin B3: what is severe deficiency called

A

Pellagra

17
Q

Pellagra symptoms

A

Thick scaly pigmented rash, swollen mouth and tongue, V/D, headache, depression, disorientation, memory loss

18
Q

What type of anemia is related to vitamin B6 deficiency

A

Microcytic anemia

19
Q

Vitamin D deficiency symptoms

A

Subtle to none - but comes with many risks

20
Q

Risks of vitamin D deficiency

A

CV death, cognitive impairment in older adults, severe asthma in children, cancer, DM I, osteoporosis

21
Q

Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency

A

Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, skeletal myopathy, retinopathy, immune impairment, infertility