2.6 Importance of Dietary Fats

Question 1

Dietary Fats are the nutrient of greatest concern to the American Heart Association because of the association of certain types of fat with____

Answer 1

coronary heart disease

Question 2

If ___ is the first 3 ingredients, it’s junk food!

Answer 2

sugar — Which will be stored as fat

Question 3

Fat has a number of ______ within the body

Answer 3

vital functions

Question 4

The general recommendation for dietary fat consumption is __________% of total daily Calories (kcal).

Answer 4

20-30%

Question 5

Provision of energy

Transportation of molecules in the blood

Storage of nutrients and vitamins

Service as conduction canals in the nervous system

Formation of hormones

Protection of organs

Regulation of body temperature (Brown Fat)

Communication of energy needs

Formation of cell membranes

are all functions of ____ in the body

Answer 5

Fat/Lipids

Question 6

An organic substance that’s insoluble in water but solvent in alcohol. (will not mix with water)

Answer 6

Lipids

Question 7

What are 3 Major Dietary Lipids?

Answer 7

1. Triglycerides (Majority. Saturated and Unsaturated Fats)
2. Cholesterol
3. Phospholipids

Question 8

What is an omega?

Answer 8

the location of the first carbon double bond from the omega (last) carbon

Question 9

Fat/lipids are calorically dense at ____ (Atwater)

Answer 9

9kcal/g. (2x energy per gram of CHO + PRO)

Question 10

98% of dietary fat is ______

Answer 10

Lipids!
KNOW

Question 11

What makes up tryclerides? What type of Fat is it?

Answer 11

1) 3 Fatty Acid molecules + Glycerol

2) “Neutral Fat” — Carboxylic Acid (linked to carbon)

Question 12

Fat Vs. Unsaturated Fat

Answer 12

Saturated Fat:
– Saturated with hydrogen.
– LDL–C & CVD
– Solid

Unsaturated Fat:
— Not fully saturated with hydrogen
— has a kink.
—MONOSATURATED— (At least 1 double bond)
—POLYSATURATURETED— 2 or more double bonds

Question 13

______ is a Carboxylic acid groups are tied up in ester linkages with OH of glycerol.

Answer 13

Neutral Fat

(linked to 4 carbon)

Question 14

What Makes up a Fatty Acid?
How many carbons are needed for short, medium, and long chains?

Answer 14

Chains of C, H, and O
<6 — 6-12 — >14 Carbons

Question 15

What is an omega in a fatty acid?

Answer 15

last carbon (double bond)

Question 16

What is Omega 3? How much do you need? What are its 6 functions?

Answer 16

1) Essential Fatty Acid.

2) AI: M = 1.6. W = 1.1

3) Functions:
— Reduce inflammation
— prevents EXESSIVE Blood clotting
— Maintain the fluidity of the cell membranes
— Lowers # of lipids in the bloodstream
— Prevents arteries from thickening
— Promotes nitric acid, which helps relax and dilate the arteries.

Question 17

What’s another name for Omega 3?

Answer 17

Alpha-linolenic acid —Essential

Question 18

What is Omega 6? What does it do? How Much of it do we need?

Answer 18

(Essential, but not necessarily good, if out of balance with omega-3)

AI: M = 17g/d. W = 12g/d

Function:
1) Synthesis of prostaglandins (reproductive and heart-related things)

2) Inflammatory responses

3) A lot of other responses and sensitivities.

Question 19

What is Arachidonic Acid?

Answer 19

Arachidonic Acid — too much Omega 6 makes this, and it creates inflammation.

Question 20

During food processing, double bonds- (unsaturated fats) are often __________ = Become more saturated.

      — They Turn into saturated when processing food
      — Increases shelf-life by getting rid of double
       — Forcing double bonds in fat

Answer 20

Partial Hydration

Question 21

Does Partial hydration produce trans fats?

Answer 21

YES

Question 22

1) increasing LDL Cholesterol
2) Increasing Tryclierides
3) Reducing HDL Cholesterol
4) Increasing the risk for HD
5) Eliminates AHA from the diet

Can be found in Some meet and dairy: and affect blood lipid health

Answer 22

What are the dangers of Trans Fats?

Question 23

Fat calories / Total calories x 100% = __%

Answer 23

21g (Convert to kcal)

21g x 9kcal = 189

Question 24

Glycerol

Answer 24

alcohol, by-product of CHO + Fructose metabolism.

Question 25

Types of Lipoprotiens:

Answer 25

VLDL— Transports TG

LDL — Transports Cholesterol and phospholipids

HDL— Savanger, gets rid extra cholesterol and unclogs arteries

Question 26

Carnitine (CATI)

Answer 26

Drags fat to the mitochondrial