2.6 Importance of Dietary Fats Flashcards
Dietary Fats are the nutrient of greatest concern to the American Heart Association because of the association of certain types of fat with____
coronary heart disease
If ___ is the first 3 ingredients, it’s junk food!
sugar — Which will be stored as fat
Fat has a number of ______ within the body
vital functions
The general recommendation for dietary fat consumption is __________% of total daily Calories (kcal).
20-30%
Provision of energy
Transportation of molecules in the blood
Storage of nutrients and vitamins
Service as conduction canals in the nervous system
Formation of hormones
Protection of organs
Regulation of body temperature (Brown Fat)
Communication of energy needs
Formation of cell membranes
are all functions of ____ in the body
Fat/Lipids
An organic substance that’s insoluble in water but solvent in alcohol. (will not mix with water)
Lipids
What are 3 Major Dietary Lipids?
- Triglycerides (Majority. Saturated and Unsaturated Fats)
- Cholesterol
- Phospholipids
What is an omega?
the location of the first carbon double bond from the omega (last) carbon
Fat/lipids are calorically dense at ____ (Atwater)
9kcal/g. (2x energy per gram of CHO + PRO)
98% of dietary fat is ______
Lipids!
KNOW
What makes up tryclerides? What type of Fat is it?
1) 3 Fatty Acid molecules + Glycerol
2) “Neutral Fat” — Carboxylic Acid (linked to carbon)
Fat Vs. Unsaturated Fat
Saturated Fat:
– Saturated with hydrogen.
– LDL–C & CVD
– Solid
Unsaturated Fat:
— Not fully saturated with hydrogen
— has a kink.
—MONOSATURATED— (At least 1 double bond)
—POLYSATURATURETED— 2 or more double bonds
______ is a Carboxylic acid groups are tied up in ester linkages with OH of glycerol.
Neutral Fat
(linked to 4 carbon)
What Makes up a Fatty Acid?
How many carbons are needed for short, medium, and long chains?
Chains of C, H, and O
<6 — 6-12 — >14 Carbons
What is an omega in a fatty acid?
last carbon (double bond)
What is Omega 3? How much do you need? What are its 6 functions?
1) Essential Fatty Acid.
2) AI: M = 1.6. W = 1.1
3) Functions:
— Reduce inflammation
— prevents EXESSIVE Blood clotting
— Maintain the fluidity of the cell membranes
— Lowers # of lipids in the bloodstream
— Prevents arteries from thickening
— Promotes nitric acid, which helps relax and dilate the arteries.
What’s another name for Omega 3?
Alpha-linolenic acid —Essential
What is Omega 6? What does it do? How Much of it do we need?
(Essential, but not necessarily good, if out of balance with omega-3)
AI: M = 17g/d. W = 12g/d
Function:
1) Synthesis of prostaglandins (reproductive and heart-related things)
2) Inflammatory responses
3) A lot of other responses and sensitivities.
What is Arachidonic Acid?
Arachidonic Acid — too much Omega 6 makes this, and it creates inflammation.
During food processing, double bonds- (unsaturated fats) are often __________ = Become more saturated.
— They Turn into saturated when processing food
— Increases shelf-life by getting rid of double
— Forcing double bonds in fat
Partial Hydration
Does Partial hydration produce trans fats?
YES
1) increasing LDL Cholesterol
2) Increasing Tryclierides
3) Reducing HDL Cholesterol
4) Increasing the risk for HD
5) Eliminates AHA from the diet
Can be found in Some meet and dairy: and affect blood lipid health
What are the dangers of Trans Fats?
Fat calories / Total calories x 100% = __%
21g (Convert to kcal)
21g x 9kcal = 189
Glycerol
alcohol, by-product of CHO + Fructose metabolism.
Types of Lipoprotiens:
VLDL— Transports TG
LDL — Transports Cholesterol and phospholipids
HDL— Savanger, gets rid extra cholesterol and unclogs arteries
Carnitine (CATI)
Drags fat to the mitochondrial
