1.1 Quizes

Question 1

Three principal dietary monosaccharides are:

Answer 1

1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose

Question 1

Carbohydrates are comprised of 3 different elements. What are they?

Answer 1

1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen

(hydrated carbon)

Question 2

What are the 3 principal disaccharides?

Question 3

What is table sugar known as? What is in it?

Answer 3

Maltose
1.glucose & fructose

Question 4

Polysaccharides such as starches, glycogen, and cellulose are comprised of long chains of _____ molecules

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

Lactose, aka milk sugar, consists of glucose and _____

Answer 5

galactose

Question 6

Sugar molecules are joined together through ____ bonds

Answer 6

glycosidic

Question 7

Monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream primarily in the villi of the ____

Answer 7

small intestine

Question 8

_____ The storage form of carbohydrates in the human body can be found in the liver and skeletal muscle

Answer 8

glycogen

Question 9

List two health benefits of adequate dietary fiber consumption

Answer 9

1. add bulk (satiety)
2. Decrease Glycemic index
3. Increases intestinal mobilization
4. Lowers cholesterol
5. removes intestinal carcinogens
6. Balances intestinal PH
7. Aids weight management and body composition.

Question 10

Dietary fiber can lower blood cholesterol levels by binding to ____, which is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Answer 10

bile

Question 11

Although processing CHOs can increase product shelf life and palability, processed CHOs can significantly ___ blood sugar (glucose) in a relatively short period of time.

Answer 11

Increases (processed CHOS)

Question 12

Normoglycemia

Answer 12

< 70 mg/dL

Question 13

Hypoglycemia

Answer 13

70-110mg/L

Question 14

Hormone that facilitates glucose uptake from circulation (reduces blood glucose)

Answer 14

Insulin

Question 15

Hyperglycemia

Answer 15

< 200 mlg

Question 16

The large endocrine gland secretes digestive enzymes into the intestine and also secretes insulin and glucagon via specialized cells.

Answer 16

pancreas

Question 17

glucagon

Answer 17

Hormone that facilitates an increase in blood glucose concentration

Question 18

The storage form of CHO can be found in the liver and skeletal muscle

Answer 18

glycogen (in animals)

Starch in plants

Question 19

Conversion of an amino acid into a new amino acid following breakdown; the amino group from an amino acid is transferred to an alpha-ketoacid

Answer 19

Transamination

Question 20

Process of new protein creation or building of tissues in response to signaling stimuli such as nutrition or exercises

Answer 20

protein synthesis

Question 21

Approximately 90% of nitrogen loss occurs through this process, which takes place in the liver

Answer 21

urea cycle

Question 22

Breakdown of amino acids to create energy, produce a different type of amino acid based on need, limit unhealthy tissue decay or serve another homeostatic function

Question 23

AN important gluconeogenesis process that begins with leucine breakdown in the muscle and ends with glucose formation in the liver

Question 24

Removal of amino group (-NH2) from amino acids

Answer 24

deamination

Question 25

The carbon Skeleton remains of deamination

Answer 25

alpha-ketoacid

Question 26

The primary amino acids oxidized during endurance exercise; also the most important amino acid for muscle protein synthesis

Answer 26

Lucine

Question 27

Historically, the term is given to dietary protein sources.

Answer 27

complete protein
“High quality” = high concentration

Question 28

Occurs the following exercise as long a protein is ingested; leads to protein synthesis

Answer 28

positive protein balance

Question 29

How many amino acids are required in the adult diet?

Answer 29

9 essential amino acids
but 20 total amino acids

Question 30

What amino acid is often considered conditionally essential for children?

Answer 30

Arginine

Question 31

All of the following are branched-chain amino acids, except:
Lucine
Isoleucine
Valine
Glutamine

Answer 31

Glutamine

Question 32

The conversion of amino acid structures into other amino acids is called.

Answer 32

Transamination

Question 33

__________ include higher concentrations all of the essential amino acids and are therefore optimal for reducing the risk for deficiencies.

Answer 33

Complete Proteins (mostly From animal food)

Question 34

True or False? Pea protein is becoming a popular supplement due to its bioavailability and impact on satiety and glucose control

Question 35

____ Is the breakdown of amino acids to create energy, produce a different type of amino acid based on need,

Answer 35

Deamination

Question 36

___ is a highly digestible milk protein rich in leucine that is popular for post-exercise consumption

Answer 36

whey protein

Question 37

The minimum protein intake (RDA) for adults for an adult is (___)

Answer 37

0.8 g/kg

Question 38

When recommending protein intake, sources should be consumed every

Answer 38

3-4 hours

Question 39

What supplemental protein is recommended following resistance due to its fast digestibility rate and high leucine content?

Answer 39

Whey Protein

Question 40

What vegetable is often used for supplemental protein?

Answer 40

Peas

Question 41

Which form has the highest concentration of supplemental protein?

Answer 41

At least to most concentration:
1. Powder
2. Concentrate
3. Isolate

Question 42

True or False? Hemp can be used as an effective protein supplement.

Answer 42

False?

Question 43

Individuals with __ should not consume high quantities of protein.

Answer 43

Kidney issues.

Question 44

____ is recommended as supplemental protein pre-sleep

Answer 44

Casein Protein
(takes body longer to break down, to prevent the catabolic while you sleep)