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GSCE Computer Science OCR > 2.6 Data Representation > Flashcards

2.6 Data Representation Flashcards

1
Q

What is Denary?

A

It is the decimal number system that we are used to

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2
Q

What is Binary?

A

0 and 1’s.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of Hexadecimal numbers?

A

Provide a human-friendly representation of binary-coded values

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4
Q

What is an Overflow error?

A

When the total amount does not fit in 8 bits

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5
Q

What is the effect of a binary shift to the left?

A

Multiplies the number by 2

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6
Q

What is the effect of a binary shift to the right?

A

Divides the number by 2

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7
Q

What are Character sets?

A

A table of data that links a character to a number

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8
Q

What is ASCII?

A

Is a character encoding standard for electronic communication

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9
Q

How many bits are in each character of ASCII?

A

Each character is represented by a 7-bit number

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10
Q

How many bits are in each character of extended ASCII?

A

Each character is represented by an 8-bit binary number

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11
Q

How many bits are represented in each letter of Unicode?

A

Each letter is represented by a 16-bit

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12
Q

What are the benefits of using Unicode?

A

This gives at least twice as many character options as ASCII
Allows the character set to represent characters and symbols from all languages.

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13
Q

What are images made up of?

A

Images are made up of pixels

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14
Q

What is the color of a pixel represented by?

A

A binary number

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15
Q

How many colors will there be in an image which uses 1 bit?

A

2 colors

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16
Q

How many colors will there be if an image uses 2 bits for each color?

A

4 colors

17
Q

What is color depth?

A

The number of bits used for each pixel

18
Q

What is Resolution?

A

How many pixels are in a certain space

19
Q

What is the effect of increasing the resolution of an image?

A

It increases the image quality

Increase file-size

20
Q

What is Metadata?

A

The information about the image file that is stored within it

21
Q

What are 3 examples of Metadata?

A 
Height
Width
Color depth
Resolution
File format
Data and time of the creation
22
Q

What is the purpose of sampling?

A

Allows analogue signals to be converted into digital signals so that it can be stored on a computer

23
Q

How does sampling work?

A

The amplitude of the wave is measured at regular intervals which creates a digital representation
More samples would lead to a more accurate sound file but leads to a larger file size

24
Q

Why is compression used?

A

Used to make the file-size smaller

25
Q

What are the advantages of compression?

A

This leads to data being sent faster and being downloaded quicker
Takes up less storage space

26
Q

What is Lossy compression?

A

Permanently removes some of the data from a file

27
Q

What can lossy compression do?

A

Can decrease the resolution of an image so there will be a lower quality than the original

28
Q

What is Lossless compression?

A

Data is temporarily removed from the file

Put back together when it is opened

29
Q

What is bit depth?

A

Number of bits used to record each sample

30
Q

What is bit rate?

A

A measure of how much data is processed for each second of sound

31
Q

How is the bit rate calculated?

A

Sample rate x bit depth

32
Q

What is the difference between bit depth and bit rate?

A

Bit depth refers to the number of bits used to record each sample. Bit rate is a measure of how much data is processed for each second of sound.

33
Q

How can an image be compressed?

A

Reducing its color depth

34
Q

What types of files is lossy suitable for?

A

JPEG - Standard image file format
MPEG - Standard video file format
MP3 - Standard audio file format which uses lossy

35
Q

Why type of files do we not want to lose data from?

A

text files
spreadsheets
financial records
emails

36
Q

What type of files is lossless suitable for?

A

PDF - Text document

GIF - Image file

GSCE Computer Science OCR (14 decks)

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