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GSCE Computer Science OCR > 1.5 Network Topologies Protocols and Layers > Flashcards

1.5 Network Topologies Protocols and Layers Flashcards

1
Q

How are the nodes connected to one another in star topology?

A

All nodes indirectly connect to each other through one or more swithces

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2
Q

What type of topology do client-server models use?

A

Client-Server models

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3
Q

What are the advantages of a star topology?

A

If one node fails it doesn’t affect the other nodes
Have high performance due to fewer data collisions
New nodes can be quickly added

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of a star network?

A

High maintainance
Expensive
The whole network fails if the switch fails as no node can communicate

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5
Q

How are nodes connected in a mesh network?

A

Connected to at least on other node through transmission media

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6
Q

What are the advantages of a Mesh Network?

A

Messages can be received quickly if the route is short
Messages have different routes to go through
New nodes can be added without interruption or interfering with other nodes

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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of a Mesh Network?

A

Many connections require high maintenance

Impractical as there is a lot of cables and connections

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8
Q

What is a protocol?

A

Set of rules of how devices communicate and transmit data across a network

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9
Q

What are MAC Addresses?

A

Unique piece of identities that every device has

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10
Q

Why is IP Address used?

A

Used when sending data between networks

They can be static or dynamic

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11
Q

What is the function of the TCP protocol?

A

Splits the data into packets and re-assembles

Provides error-free transmission between 2 routers

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12
Q

What is the function of the IP protocol?

A

Does the Packet switching

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13
Q

What is the function of the HTTP protocol?

A

Used for accessing websites

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14
Q

What is the function of the HTTPS protocol?

A

Secure version of HTTP

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15
Q

What is the function of the FTP protocol?

A

Moves files between devices

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16
Q

What is the function of the POP3 protocol?

A

Retrieves email from the server

Email is deleted on the server

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17
Q

What is the function of the IMAP protocol?

A

Retrieves email from the server

Email is kept on the server

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18
Q

What is the function of the SMTP protocol?

A

Sends emails

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19
Q

What is the function of layers?

A

They group similar protocols together which have similar function

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20
Q

What is the 1st step of packet switching?

A

Data is split into packets and numbered in orders

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21
Q

What is the 2nd step of packet switching?

A

Each packet is sent down the fastest route

22
Q

What is the 3rd step of packet switching?

A

Packet numbers are put into order

23
Q

What is the 4th step of packet switching?

A

If packets are missing timeout message is sent

24
Q

What is the 5th step of packet switching?

A

Confirmation message is sent

25
Q

What are the 4 layers?

A

Application layer - Encodes message
Transport layer - Breaks down the messages
Network layer - Adds the IP address
Datalink layer - Sends data over the physical network

26
Q

What are the 4 layers?

A

Application layer - Encodes message
Transport layer - Breaks down the messages
Network layer - Adds the IP address
Datalink layer - Sends data over the physical network

27
Q

Describe the differences between a URL and an IP address?

A

URL uses words/characters(eghttp://www.ocr.org.uk)
IP is numerical(eg.192.149.119.226)
URL needs converting (using DNS) to IP before it can be accessed
IP does not require conversion

28
Q

What is one benefit of accessing the website using a URL rather than using an IP address?

A

Easier to remember

29
Q

What is the role of a personal computer and a server in a client-server network?

A

Personal computer:
Sends requests to server
Shows results from server

Server:
Processes requests
Manages clients
Centrally stores files / software

30
Q

Describe the task performed by the CU?

A

Provides timing signals

Provides control signals

31
Q

What are the advantages of The Cloud?

A

Access any time
Access from anywhere
Access from any device
Automatic Backup

32
Q

What is the internet?

A

Global collection of interconnected networks

33
Q

What is a Domain Name Service?

A

In reality it is multiple domain name servers

34
Q

What is hosting?

A

Websites are stored on servers dedicated for this purpose

35
Q

What are the actions when the URL is converted into an IP address?

A

URL received by the DNS resolver server

Server then queries a DNS root name server

The root server responds with the address of the top-level domain server for .com

Resolver makes request to the .com TLD server

TLD responds with the IP address

Recursive solver sends a query to DNS

IP address is then return to the resolver

Then DNS resolver responds to the web browser with the IP address of the URL

36
Q

What is latency caused by?

A

Bottlenecks in the infrastructure of the network

37
Q

What affects the quality of copper cables?

A

Grade of copper

Insulating materials

38
Q

What is a NIC?

A

The network interface controller connects a device to a wire of wireless networking connection

NIC uses a protocol to ensure successful communication

39
Q

What is Ethernet?

A

A standard for networking technologies

Used for communicating on a wired local area network

40
Q

Evaluated the uses of Wi-Fi

A

Easier to set up
Convenient
Can handle large number of users

Speeds slower than wired networks
The signal can be obstructed
Less secure than wired networks

41
Q

Is bluetooth good?

A

Ideal for connecting personal devices
Very short range - only 10 meters
Very low power consumption compared to Wi-Fi

42
Q

What are the 2 parts of an IPv4 address?

A

Network identifier

Host identifier

43
Q

What is MAC addresses used for?

A

Route frames on a LAN

44
Q

What are the features of an IPv4 address?

A

32 bits in size

Written as four numers

45
Q

What are the features of an IPv6 address?

A

128 bits in size

Written as eight groups

46
Q

What are the uses of standards?

A

Character set

47
Q

What are standards used for?

A

Specified to hardware and software

Makes it possible for:
Manufactures and Producers do create products and services which are compatible with each other

48
Q

What are the advantages of layering?

A

Reduces complexity of the program into manageable sub-problems

Devices can be manufactured to operate at particular layers

49
Q

What is the transport layer responsible for?

A

Establishing an end-to-end connection

50
Q

What is the purpose of the link layer?

A

Represents the actual physical connection between various network nodes

GSCE Computer Science OCR (14 decks)

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