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Bio > 26 Animal Nutrition & Digestion > Flashcards

26 Animal Nutrition & Digestion Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Autotroph

A

Generates own energy from inorganic raw material and external energy (like sunlight)

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2
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Consumes other organisms as source of energy

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3
Q

Filters small organisms or food particles from water

A

Suspension feeder

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4
Q

Example of suspension feeder?

A

Whales. Clams. Oysters.

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5
Q

Lives in or on food sources and eats their way through it.

A

Substrate feeders

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6
Q

Example of substrate feeders

A

Leaf miner caterpillar. Termites. Maggots that burrow into carcasses.

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7
Q

Suck fluids from host

A

Fluid feeders!! Mosquitoes, aphids, hummingbirds

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8
Q

Bulk feeder

A

Ingest large pieces of food!!!! Humans!

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9
Q

Who has an alimentary canal?

A

Animal

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10
Q

Digestion compartment for single-celled organism

A

Food vacuole

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11
Q

Digestion compartment for simple animals

A

Gastrovascular cavity

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12
Q

Crop vs stomach vs gizzard

A

Crop is a pouch-like organ where food is stored and softened. Stomachs and gizzards are more muscular and have food-churning action!

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13
Q

What is an organ that secretes digestive juice into the alimentary canal?

A

Accessory organ

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14
Q

Name accessory organs in humans (4)

A

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas.

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15
Q

Functions of stomach

A

Stores food. Creates chyme (mixture of solid food and gastric juices). Kills microbes. Initiates protein digestion.

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16
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Hydrolyzes starch into maltose.

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17
Q

What’s in gastric juice, yo?

A

Protein-digesting enzyme, mucus, strong acid

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18
Q

What does gastric juice do in the process of digestion?

A

Acid lyses food cells, kills bacteria/microbes, denatures proteins
Mucus protects stomach lining.

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19
Q

Parietal cells release:

A

H+ and Cl-. Essentially, HCl.

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20
Q

Chief cells release:

A

Pepsinogen!

21
Q

What is pepsinogen

A

Inactive form of the enzyme pepsin.

22
Q

PINK CELLS (gastric gland)

A

Chief cells!

23
Q

YELLOW CELLS (gastric gland)

A

Parietal cells!

24
Q

Process by which active pepsin is formed (3 steps)

A
  1. Pepsinogen, H+ and Cl- are secreted into lumen.
  2. HCl converts some pepsinogen into pepsin.
  3. Pepsin engages in positive feedback loop to convert other pepsinogen into more pepsin.
25
Q

WHAT THAT PEPSIN DO

A
  • Begins chemical digestion

- Pepsinogen actually protects cells of gastric gland

26
Q

Duodenum»>/???what is

A

First 25cm of small intestine

Mixes chyme from stomach mixes with digestive juices from other organs + gland cells.

27
Q

Pancreas produces ____ that has ______

A

Produces pancreatic juice that has a mixture of digestive enzyme and a bicarbonate solution. (Remember bicarbonate is alkaline/basic)

28
Q

Liver produces _____

A

Bile

29
Q

Bile??????

A

Contains bile salts, which break up fats into little bb droplets that are more easily digested by digestive enzymes.

30
Q

Other than the liver there is another organ that stores bile. What is it?

A

The gallbladder! It stores and concentrates bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

31
Q

Draw the liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, and duodenum.

A

Phase 556 of text

32
Q

What happens when food arrives in ur stomach

A

Stretches stomach walls and triggers release of gastrin (hormone)

33
Q

Digestion of nucleic acids begins in the ______, involving ____(enzyme) from the ____ (organ).

A

Small intestine. Nucleases from pancreas.

34
Q

Protein digestion in stomach:

A

Acid hydrolysis, pepsin

35
Q

Protein digestion in small intestine:

A

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, peptidases

36
Q

Carbohydrate digestion in mouth:

A

Salivary amylase

37
Q

Carb digestion in stomach:

A

Gastric amylase

38
Q

Carb digestion in small intestine:

A

Pancreatic amylase, maltase, sucrose, lactase

39
Q

Digestion of fats begins in _____ with the enzyme _____.

A

Stomach. Gastric lipase.

40
Q

Describe fat digestion. 2 steps.

A

Bile salt separate from each other and coat smaller fat droplets, EMULSIFYING the fats. When droplets are small enough such that more surface area is exposed, lipase breaks fat molecules into their components (fatty acids and glycerol).

41
Q

What that hepatic portal vein do?

A

Carries nutrients in blood to the liver. Goes from small intestines, so liver gets first dibs on nutrients.

42
Q

The liver

A 
Detoxification.
Processing nutrients.
Converting and storing glycogen. 
Converting excess calories into fat. 
Protein synthesis.
43
Q

What is colon?

A

The large intestine!

44
Q

What does the large intestine do

A

Processes waste material into poo

45
Q

What is the cecum

A

Junction between small and large intestine

46
Q

What is the appendix

A

Finger like projection. Mass of white blood cells that help immunity.

47
Q

All animals have the same basic nutritional needs. All animals need:

A

1) fuel to power body.
2) organic molecules to build other molecules.
3) essential nutrients, which can’t be made by the body.

48
Q

List four classes of essential nutrients.

A

Vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids.

Bio (9 decks)

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