25.1 Flashcards by Carlos vega

Q

DNA stands for what?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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Q

DNA is a polymer and similar to proteins, how many different types of units can be linked together?

A

4 Units

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Q

This amount of units are found in all life within the DNA, these constitute a pattern on which codes for producing of living things.

A

4 Units

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Q

Inside the cell, the nucleus is found in two forms.

A

chromatin and histones.

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Q

Individual portions of the DNA that code for specific inheritance traits is called Genes.

A

Genes

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Q

During normal cell processes, it is a large tangle called chromatin.

A

chromatin

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Q

Chromatin is organized by histones, which are proteins that the DNA winds around.

A

histones

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Q

During preparation for cell division, DNA organizes itself into chromosomes (colored bodies).

A

chromosomes

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Q

How many chromosomes and pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

46 chromosomes (23 pairs);

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Q

RNA is an acronym which stands?

A

ribonucleic acid

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Q

RNA in cells consists of 4 different types of units, they typically function as what types of strands? They are copied from sections of DNA, although shorter and usually contain the “blueprints” for building certain proteins.

A

RNA strands

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Q

This molecule contains a heterocyclic nitrogen base, connected to the β-N glycosidic linkage with a sugar (most likely ribose).

A

Nucleosides

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Q

This type of molecule is not a nucleoside, it is connected to a heterocyclic nitrogen base.

A

ribonucleosides

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Q

What is the name of this molecule?

A

Adenine

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Q

Guanine

A

Guanine

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Q

Cytosine

A

Cytosine

Q

Thyamine

A

Thyamine

Q

Uracil

A

Uracil

Q

This type of molecule is consists of a prune or pyrimidine base linked to a sugar. When this happens, it maybe is called by its particular base.

A

nucleoside.

example: adenine nucleoside

Q

With a purine base, what is the suffix called? This indicates that the base is nucleoside due to a ribose.

A

Suffix: – osine

Q

With a pyrimidines base, what is the suffix called? This indicates the base has become a nucleoside.

A

Suffix: –idine

Q

If these amino acids are nucleoside with purine bases, then what will their name be? Adenine and guanine.

A

adenosine, guanosine

Q

If these amino acids are nucleoside with pyrimidine bases, then what will their name be? Cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

A

cytidine, thymidine, uridine.

Q

If RNA stands are made of nucleotides, then which bases aren’t used? (just on)

A

thymine

What position is the monophosphate attached to the ribose?

\*blank\* need to upload. 5’ = two sets of rings, and bases are a higher priority.

What is the name of this nucleotides? Remember, preserve ribonucleoside, the phosphate ends the suffix.

5’-monophosphate

Are nucleotides often referred as? (takes too long to write).

shorthand. ## Footnote The acronym starts with the first letter of nucleoside (A for adenosine), and ends in M(for mono) and P(for phosphate). Monophosphate.

If one of the alcohol groups in ribs for the nucleotides in DNA is removed, will this molecule helps the cell distinguish between RNA and DNA ? And if it isn’t removed will it act as handles for portent to condense and organize RNA ?

Yes, yes, yes.

What base does DNA not use?

uracil

In what position is alcohol missing from deoxyribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleoside?

2’ position.

The prefix –deoxy changes the nucleotide name, but what acronym is used in shorthand? (it precedes the acronym for the nucleotide)

small d

When nucleotides and deoxynucleotides connect together as polymers, what type of bond allows this?

phosphate ester bonds