25.1 Flashcards
DNA stands for what?
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is a polymer and similar to proteins, how many different types of units can be linked together?
4 Units
This amount of units are found in all life within the DNA, these constitute a pattern on which codes for producing of living things.
4 Units
Inside the cell, the nucleus is found in two forms.
chromatin and histones.
Individual portions of the DNA that code for specific inheritance traits is called Genes.
Genes
During normal cell processes, it is a large tangle called chromatin.
chromatin
Chromatin is organized by histones, which are proteins that the DNA winds around.
histones
During preparation for cell division, DNA organizes itself into chromosomes (colored bodies).
chromosomes
How many chromosomes and pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes (23 pairs);
RNA is an acronym which stands?
ribonucleic acid
RNA in cells consists of 4 different types of units, they typically function as what types of strands? They are copied from sections of DNA, although shorter and usually contain the “blueprints” for building certain proteins.
RNA strands
This molecule contains a heterocyclic nitrogen base, connected to the β-N glycosidic linkage with a sugar (most likely ribose).
Nucleosides
This type of molecule is not a nucleoside, it is connected to a heterocyclic nitrogen base.
ribonucleosides
What is the name of this molecule?
Adenine
Guanine
Guanine
Cytosine
Cytosine
Thyamine
Thyamine
Uracil
Uracil
This type of molecule is consists of a prune or pyrimidine base linked to a sugar. When this happens, it maybe is called by its particular base.
nucleoside.
example: adenine nucleoside
With a purine base, what is the suffix called? This indicates that the base is nucleoside due to a ribose.
Suffix: – osine
With a pyrimidines base, what is the suffix called? This indicates the base has become a nucleoside.
Suffix: –idine
If these amino acids are nucleoside with purine bases, then what will their name be? Adenine and guanine.
adenosine, guanosine
If these amino acids are nucleoside with pyrimidine bases, then what will their name be? Cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
cytidine, thymidine, uridine.
If RNA stands are made of nucleotides, then which bases aren’t used? (just on)
thymine
What position is the monophosphate attached to the ribose?
*blank* need to upload. 5’ = two sets of rings, and bases are a higher priority.
What is the name of this nucleotides? Remember, preserve ribonucleoside, the phosphate ends the suffix.
5’-monophosphate
What base does DNA not use?
uracil
In what position is alcohol missing from deoxyribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleoside?
2’ position.
The prefix –deoxy changes the nucleotide name, but what acronym is used in shorthand? (it precedes the acronym for the nucleotide)
small d
When nucleotides and deoxynucleotides connect together as polymers, what type of bond allows this?
phosphate ester bonds
