18.3 - Flashcards
This type of theory explains how chemicals react when the reactants collide, thus transferring kinetic energy. There are 3 things that affect how reactions occur,
- The type of surface
- Orientation
- Energy
collision theory
Yes, it’s oversimplified but it’s intended for the next definitions.
In this collision, this type of collision deals with the place where atoms interact. Not all species of atoms are compatible with one another.
reactive site collision
In collision theory, this type of collision deals with bonds and symmetry. The atoms orbitals influence the position of electrons surrounding the atoms.
In simple, using carbon, the carbon classification (primary, secondary.. carbon) affects how atoms interact with one another. (some do react, some don’t.)
orientation collision
In collision theory, this type of measurement unit is based on temperature and time. It defines the quantity of energy needed before a reaction begins.
This implies not kinetic energy. In simple, the reactants proceed to products only when this amount of energy is met.
activation energy
Abbreviation: Ea
In the activation energy of collision theory, this state describes molecules that are highly reactive, forming from high intermediates (Ea’hill’).
intermediates
This type of collision theory describes that the reaction rate can be increased when these variables are changed:
- temperature,
- concentration of reactant
- agitation is increased.
These variables are independent of one another.
classical collision theory
In this type of model, IMF (intermolecular forces) are key for enzymes, substrates and protein interactions.
In essence, it describes these substances inducing a better fit. This occurs by bonding from IMF and bonding sites.
induced-fit model
This type of molecule binds to the substrate(s) through the induced fit model while fulfilling all the requirements of collision theory.
They are also referred as essential molecular machines.
enzyme
In Enzymes, this is how they speed up the energy of activation. They do this by two forms, raising the level of reactants or lowering energy of the high energy intermediates.
manipulation
of the Ea
In this substrate, a type of distortion happens by the bonds extending to maximize favorable IMF within the enzyme.
In simple, the substrate stretches and strains to best fit within an enzyme
stretch
Not really a term, just a reminder.
In this type of ion, this type of ion is lost or gained to form stable species of enzymes and substrate reactions.
Hydrogen Ion
In this type of catalysts, high-energy intermediate, they contain charged species. In simple, the charged intermediates stable the reactions.
electrostatic catalysis
In this catalysis, the side chain enzyme makes covalent bonds to reactive intermediates, temporary. This stabilizes the reaction.
Covalent catalysis
In the enzyme-catalyzed reactions, manipulation of energy won’t work for a reason. The increase in temperature and agitation decreases the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
protein denaturation
When the pH of the solution with an enzyme changes from activation pH levels, the activity will?
decrease
When the concentration of either substrate or enzyme, will this increase or decrease the reaction?
depends
on the speed of reaction and the original concentration of substrates and enzymes.
If more substrate is available then enzymes, what changes are made if enzymes are added?
Will it increase or not increase?
non-increase
However, if the substrate is added, the reaction rate will increase.
In enzymes, two types of things can stop enzyme activity, one is denaturing and the second enzyme falls into two categories, it is reversible and irreversible.
What is this second type of enzyme?
enzyme inhibition
This type of inhibitor is reversed when loss of enzymatic activity occurs and may act as competitive or non-competitive inhibitors.
Reversible inhibitor enzyme
These types of enzyme inhibition causes substrates and inhibitors to compete for the active site.
competitive
These types of enzyme inhibitions causes substrates to bind in a spceific cite without cometing for similar sites.
non competitive
These types of inhibitors binds to the nonactive site of enzymes, changing the shape of the substrate.
Uncompetitive
In noncompetitive inhibitors, they reverse the action of binding to enzymes. What do these types of inhibitors do?
They remove, add or bond to the enzymes?
With heavy metal toxicity, a chelation agent is used stronger than the ion bound in the active site of the enzyme that disposes of in urine.
remove
They do this directly.
This type of inhibition occurs when enzymatic activity is lost and cannot be reversed. Caused by a toxic substance. This can not be removed or restored by an increase of substrate.
Irreversible inhibition
These types of substances cause irreversible inhibition, they inhibit all enzyme functioning and are known as?
poisons
This type of enzyme control is caused by intentional inhibition, making the state of enzymes inactive (proenzymes or zymogens, or genetic.
enzyme regulation
This type of control is caused by products that limit the sequences involved in enzymatic changes. This causes a chain of series signaling, to prevent under or overproduction.
feedback control
This type of control regulate rates of metabolic pathways by an inhibitor binding to the active sites (noncompetitive binding). In short, allowing positive and negative controls.
allosteric control
These types of enzyme control results when enzymes are created in an inactive form, they catalyze reactions that are undesirable (due to location or time of synthesis). An enzyme assists by shaping the enzyme to be activated. The enzyme prefixes are ‘pro–‘ and -‘ogen’.
proenzymes
or zymogens
