18.1 - Enzymes

Question 1

A molecule being acted upon by an enzyme.

Answer 1

substrate

Question 2

A substance needed for enzyme functioning, not protein based.

Answer 2

coenzymes

Question 3

A substance needed for enzyme functioning, other than substrates.

Answer 3

cofactors

Question 4

Most enzyme end with this suffix.

Answer 4

–ase (Suffix)

Example: kinase or carboxylase.

Question 5

Molecules sugars end with this suffix.

Answer 5

–ose (suffix)

(Examples: sucrose and glucose.)

Question 6

This class of enzymes oxidizes or reduces reactions.

Answer 6

oxidoreductases

Question 7

This subclass enzyme oxidizes a substance.

Answer 7

oxidase

Question 8

This subclass enzyme reduces substances.

Answer 8

reductase

Question 9

This subclass enzyme forms a double bond on a molecule by removing dihydrogen (H₂).

Answer 9

dehydrogenase

(Dihydrogen, H₂, HH)

Question 10

The two pairs of cofactors that are found in the body, they oxidize and reduce cofactors.

Answer 10

NAD⁺/NAD

FAD/FADH₂

Question 11

This class of enzymes transfers a functional group from one substrate to another.

Answer 11

transferase

Question 12

This subclass enzyme transfers amine groups on molecules.

Answer 12

transaminase

Question 13

This subclass enzyme transfers phosphate groups on molecules, with the cofactor of ATP/ADP or analog thereof.

Answer 13

kinase

Question 14

This class of enzymes breaks bonds in molecules with water (HOH).

Answer 14

hydrolase

This enzyme is commonly found in Chymotrypsin (a protease).

The amino acids C-term and N-term are peptide chains and charged at psychological pH

Question 15

This subclass enzyme breaks glycosidic bonds by hydrolysis.

Answer 15

glycosidase

(sugar)

Question 16

This subclass enzyme breaks ester bonds by hydrolysis.

Answer 16

lipase

(lipids).

Question 17

This subclass enzyme breaks peptide bonds by hydrolysis.

Answer 17

peptidase

(or protease)

peptide/amide/protien

Question 18

This subclass enzyme breaks phosphate ester bonds by hydrolysis.

Answer 18

nuclease

(nucleic acids).

Question 19

This class of enzymes Joins or breaks and adds or removes groups or substrates on molecules with no energy.

Answer 19

lyase

Not to confuse with ligase, which does use energy.

Question 20

This subclass enzyme adds water (HOH).

Answer 20

hydrase

Question 21

This subclass enzyme removes carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Answer 21

decarboxylase

Carbon dioxide: CO₂ \ COO^- \ Carboxylic Acids

Question 22

This subclass enzyme removes water (H₂O).

Answer 22

dehydrase

Water: H₂O \ HOH

Question 23

This subclass enzyme removes ammonia (NH₃)^-.

Answer 23

deaminase

Ammonia: (NH₃) \ (NHHH)^-

Question 24

This subclass enzyme adds small molecules to doubled bonds on a molecule.

Answer 24

synthase

Question 25

This **class** enzyme **rearranges** atoms to form **structural** isomers (both constitutional **isomers** or **stereoisomers**).

Answer 25

**isomerase** ## Footnote No atoms lost or gained. All atoms are moved to a different position.

Question 26

This **subclass** enzyme **converts** **cis** and **trans** double bonds.

Answer 26

**isomerase**

Question 27

This **subclass** enzyme **converts** **D and L** isomers.

Answer 27

**epimerase** | ( or racemase)

Question 28

This **subclass** enzyme **moves** functional **groups** to different **positions** on a molecule.

Answer 28

**mutase**

Question 29

This **class** enzyme **joins** **two** **molecules** **with ATP** or energy source molecules.

Answer 29

**ligase** ## Footnote Common examples: The first step in gluconeogenesis.

Question 30

The **subclass** enzyme **joins** carbon dioxide **(CO₂)^-** to a **substrate**.

Answer 30

**carboxylase** ## Footnote Carbon Dioxide: (CO₂)^- ​\ COO^-

Question 31

The **subclass** enzyme **joins** **two** **substrates** together.

Answer 31

**synthetase**

Question 32

What is the priority class of this enzyme?

Answer 32

**oxidoreductase**

Question 33

What is the priority class of this enzyme?

Answer 33

**transferase**

Question 34

What is the priority class of this enzyme?

Answer 34

**hydrolase**

Question 35

What is the priority class of this enzyme?

Answer 35

**lyase**

Question 36

What is the priority class of this enzyme?

Answer 36

**isomerase**

Question 37

What is the priority class of this enzyme?

Answer 37

**ligase**