2.5 - Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the three main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Movement, support, protection

Question 2

How do bones participate in movement of the body?

Answer 2

Bones are joined to other bones by ligaments, which give the joints stability and allow movement. Bones that are joined together in this way and are involved in movement are called long bones. Muscles are attached to these bones by tendons. Muscles pulling on bones cause us to move.

Question 3

What is a joint?

Answer 3

A place where two or more bones meet

Question 4

What does the cartilage do?

Answer 4

Protects bones and avoids friction

Question 5

What are the two type of joints?

Answer 5

Hinge and ball and socket.

Question 6

Where are hinge joints located?

Answer 6

Knee and elbow

Question 7

Where are ball and socket joints located?

Answer 7

Hip and shoulder

Question 8

What type of movement occurs at hinge joints?

Answer 8

Flexion and Extension

Question 9

What type of movement occurs at ball and socket joints?

Answer 9

Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Abduction, Adduction

Question 10

What happens in flexion?

Answer 10

The angle at the joint gets smaller

Question 11

What happens in extension?

Answer 11

The angle at the joint gets bigger

Question 12

What happens in abduction?

Answer 12

A limb moves away from the body

Question 13

What happens in adduction?

Answer 13

A limb is brought towards the body

Question 14

What happens in rotation?

Answer 14

Joint is moved in a circular action

Question 15

What is an example of flexion in sport?

Answer 15

Bending the knees before jumping in basketball

Question 16

What is an example of extension in sport?

Answer 16

Straightening the leg when kicking a ball in football

Question 17

What is an example of abduction in sport?

Answer 17

In circuit training, doing astride jumps over and onto a bench• abduction is when you have your legs and arms wide.

Question 18

What is an example of adduction in sport?

Answer 18

In circuit training, during astride jumps

Question 19

What is an example of rotation in sport?

Answer 19

Bowling in cricket

Question 20

How does exercise effect the skeletal system?

Answer 20

Exercise helps to increase bone density, making bones stronger and more able to withstand greater forces or more frequent training.
Exercise strengthens ligaments (which join bone to bone) and tendons [which join muscles to bone]. Injuries to ligaments and tendons take a long time to repair

Question 21

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 21

A debilitating condition of the bones, which can result in them breaking more easily. It is mostly associated with older people because over time bones become lighter and their strength is reduced.

Question 22

How can you prevent osteoporosis and prevent it from getting worse?

Answer 22

Weight bearing exercises

Question 23

What are the four types of fractures?

Answer 23

Compound, greenstick, simple and stress

Question 24

Describe a compound fracture.

Answer 24

Broken bone comes through skin

Question 25

Describe a greenstick fracture.

Answer 25

Break only part way across the bone

Question 26

Describe a simple fracture.

Answer 26

Fracture in one line no displacement

Question 27

Describe a stress fracture.

Answer 27

Over-use injuries in weight bearing exercises, a small crack forms in the bone

Question 28

What are the five types of joint injuries?

Answer 28

Tennis elbow, golfer’s elbow, dislocation, sprain

and torn cartilage

Question 29

What are tennis and golfer’s elbow?

Answer 29

Both are injuries to the tendons at the elbow joint and involve overuse. The symptoms for golfer’s elbow are pain on the inside of the elbow. The symptoms for tennis elbow are pain on the outside of the elbow. Rest is important in the treatment of these injuries.

Question 30

Describe a dislocation injury.

Answer 30

The bone at a joint comes out of place, usually as the result of a hard blow. The first obvious sign/symptom is deformity and swelling; there is a lot of pain around the injury.

Question 31

Describe a sprain.

Answer 31

A sprain is damage to the ligament at a joint. These injuries can occur from a blow but also from twisting, for example at the ankle, knee or wrist. Symptoms include swelling and pain around the joint.

Question 32

Describe a torn cartilage.

Answer 32

Cartilage is found at the end of the bones and helps to avoid friction. Sometimes it tears, for example if player spins quickly. It is a very painful injury, and often results in swelling.

Question 33

What treatment can be used to treat minor joint injuries and prevent them getting worse?

Answer 33

RICE:

Rest—stop playing or exercising.

Ice— one of the symptoms mentioned for many of the injuries is swelling and another is pain, putting ice on the injured part will help to stop these to some extent.

Compression — putting pressure on the ice pack also helps to reduce the swelling 2nd the pain.

Elevation — raising the injured part will also contribute to keeping the swelling down.

Question 34

What does calcium do in the skeletal system?

Answer 34

It helps to build strong bones, increase bone density and ward off osteoporosis.

Question 35

What does Vitamin D do in the skeletal system?

Answer 35

It helps to maintain healthy bones and helps calcium to be absorbed.