2.1 - Healthy Mind and Body Flashcards
What are the three Somatotypes?
Endomorph, Mesomorph, Ectomorph
What are the features of a Endomorph?
Short with narrow shoulders and broad hips, pear shaped with a low centre of gravity. Extra weight means that endomorphs tend to be less mobile, therefore less likely to excel at sports requiring speed.
What are the features of a Mesomorph?
Broad shoulders with narrow hips; muscular. Mesomorphs are often good at sports and activities that require power or strength.
What are the features of a Ectomorph?
Low body weight, tall and thin with a high centre of gravity. Ectomorphs often take part in endurance activities.
What are the four main factors affecting weight?
Gender, Height, Bone Structure and Muscle girth.
How do anabolic steroids enhance your performance?
Able to train harder, Recover quicker, Build muscle faster than normal.
How do beta blockers enhance your performance?
Slow down heart rate, Relaxing effect
How do diuretics enhance your performance?
Lose weight through increased fluid loss
How do narcotics enhance your performance?
Reduce pain, masking injury
How do stimulants enhance your performance?
Increase alertness, off-set lactic acid
How do peptide hormones enhance your performance?
Increase the number of red blood cells
What are the side effects of anabolic steroids?
Increase chance of heart attack, High blood pressure, Infertility, Liver damage
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
Nausea and diarrhoea, Tiredness, Depression, Low blood pressure
What are the side effects of diuretics?
Dehydration, Headaches, Dizziness, Kidney failure
What are the side effects of narcotics?
Loss of concentration, balance, coordination
What are the side effects of stimulants?
Insomnia, Anxiety, Irritability, Increased and irregular heart rate, High blood pressure
What are the side effects of peptide hormones?
Thicken the blood, Increased risk of heart attack or stroke
What are the three main reasons sports people take drugs?
- Drugs enhance their performance
- Drugs may help them to win and make a lot of money
- They can perform at a higher level than without the aid of drugs.
Name two recreational drugs.
Nicotine (smoking) and alcohol
What are the side effects of smoking?
Smoking damages the whole cardiovascular system; the heart, the ability of the blood to carry oxygen, and the blood vessels.
It increases blood pressure. It also damages the alveoli in the lungs and therefore the respiratory system. Side effects of smoking include cancer and coronary heart disease.
What are the short-term side effects of alcohol?
- calming effect
- reduces coordination
- produces extra urine
- reduces reaction time.
- impairs judgment
What is a long-term effect of alcohol?
Cirrhosis of the liver which can result in death
How is competition balanced to make it fair and safe?
Weight - (In some sports competitors are matched by weight), Gender - (most physical contact sports), Age - (school sport), Handicap
