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2.5 Salts Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCL

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2
Q

Nitric acid

A

HNO3

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3
Q

Sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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4
Q

Ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

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5
Q

Metal + acid👉

A

Salt + hydrogen (the metal has to be more reactive than hydrogen)

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6
Q

Acid + alkali👉

A

Salt + water

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7
Q

Acid + base👉

A

Salt + water

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8
Q

Acid + metal carbonate👉

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Soluble salt + soluble salt👉

A

Insoluble salt precipitate + soluble salt

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10
Q

Aqueous solution (aq)

A

When we dissolve a substance in water.

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11
Q

g

A

Gaseous

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12
Q

L

A

Liquid

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13
Q

S

A

Solid

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14
Q

Bases

A

Substances which can neutralise acids, including metal oxides and metal hydroxides.

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15
Q

Alkalis

A

Soluble hydroxides- a type of base

All alkalis form hydroxide ions when we add them to water.

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16
Q

Concentrated acid (UI)

A

Red 1-2

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17
Q

Neutral solution (UI)

A

Green 7

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18
Q

Dilute alkali solution (UI)

A

Light blue 9

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19
Q

Concentrated alkali solution (UI)

20
Q

Dilute acid solution (UI)

A

Orange/ yellow 5

21
Q

How do we define acids?

A 
By how many H+ ions they give in water.
E.g
Monoprotic
Diprotic
Triprotic
22
Q

Salt

A

Is a chemical where the hydrogen in an acid has been replaced by a metal or an ammonium ion.

23
Q

Haber process

A

Industrial process in which nitrogen and hydrogen are combined to make AMMONIA.

24
Q

Ammonium salts are made by…

A

Reacting ammonium solution with acid until there is a small excess of ammonia. Then we crystallise the ammonium salt from its solution. The excess ammonia evaporates off.

25
What is ammonium nitrate used for?
As a fertiliser because plants need nitrogen to carry out functions and it is full of nitrogen which plants need to produce proteins. Also it is soluble and high nitrate content, so easy for plants to take in.
26
Acid + ammonia solution 👉
Ammonium salt + water
27
Ammonia solution is a what type of solution?
A weakly alkaline solution
28
Ammonia- NH3?
``` Gas Less dense than air Very soluble in water Sharp, unpleasant smell Forms an alkali when dissolved in water - turns damp red litmus paper blue. ```
29
What is common table salt called?
Sodium chloride
30
What are alkalis used for?
As cleaning products
31
Collecting a pure sample of salts made in a precipitation reaction...
EITHER If solid precipitate- normal filtrations OR If one left in solution- evaporate off water and you will be left with precipitate.
32
Concentrated acid (UI)
Red 1-2
33
Neutral solution (UI)
Green 7
34
Dilute alkali solution (UI)
Light blue 9
35
Concentrated alkali solution (UI)
Purple 14
36
Dilute acid solution (UI)
Orange/ yellow 5
37
How do we define acids?
``` By how many H+ ions they give in water. E.g Monoprotic Diprotic Triprotic ```
38
Salt
Is a chemical where the hydrogen in an acid has been replaced by a metal or an ammonium ion.
39
Haber process
Industrial process in which nitrogen and hydrogen are combined to make AMMONIA.
40
Ammonium salts are made by...
Reacting ammonium solution with acid until there is a small excess of ammonia. Then we crystallise the ammonium salt from its solution. The excess ammonia evaporates off.
41
What is ammonium nitrate used for?
As a fertiliser because plants need nitrogen to carry out functions and it is full of nitrogen which plants need to produce proteins. Also it is soluble and high nitrate content, so easy for plants to take in.
42
Acid + ammonia solution 👉
Ammonium salt + water
43
Ammonia solution is a what type of solution?
A weakly alkaline solution
44
Ammonia- NH3?
``` Gas Less dense than air Very soluble in water Sharp, unpleasant smell Forms an alkali when dissolved in water - turns damp red litmus paper blue. ```
45
What is common table salt called?
Sodium chloride
46
What are alkalis used for?
As cleaning products
47
Collecting a pure sample of salts made in a precipitation reaction...
EITHER If solid precipitate- normal filtrations OR If one left in solution- evaporate off water and you will be left with precipitate.

Chemistry (12 decks)

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