1.1 Fundamental Physics Flashcards
An atom
Smallest particle of an element that can exist.
An element
Is a substance that contains only 1 type of atom.
100 elements , 92 naturally occuring.
A compund
Is when 2 or more elements are joined together in a fixed ratio.
Electrons and protons give the atom…
Its chemical properties, the atomic no. Tells us which element it is.
Mass number
Number of neutrons and protons
Atomic number
Tells us the number of positive protons and therefore electrons.
Isotopes
Elements with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Noble gases…
Group 0 and are unreactive,
Metal atoms need to…
Lose electrons to get a full outer shell of electrons
Non metal atoms need…
To gain electrons to get full outer shells.
Covalent bonding
When electrons are shared between non-metal atoms forming molecules. Very strong bonds, but forces between molecules are weak.
Ionic bonding
Occurs when an electron is transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom causing positive and negative ions.
Some examples of electron configurations…
Hydrogen 1
Nitrogen 2.5
Aluminium 2.8.3
Law of conservation of mass?
In a chemical reaction the mass of the products is always the same as the mass of the reactants.
In a chemical reaction the bonds between atoms…
Break and reform to create different substances.
