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IB Computer Science (SL) > 2.5 Functions of an OS & 2.6 Software Applications > Flashcards

2.5 Functions of an OS & 2.6 Software Applications Flashcards

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1
Q

OS

A

a set of software that controls the computer’s hardware resources and provides services for computer programs

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2
Q

functions of an OS (IB)

A
  • acts as an intermediary between software applications and the computer hardware
  • peripheral communication
  • memory management
  • resource monitoring and multitasking
  • disk access and data management
  • security
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3
Q

functions of an OS (IGCSE)

A
  • input & output control
  • human computer interface (HCI)
  • multitasking
  • multiprogramming
  • batch processing
  • error handling
  • loading and running of applications/software
  • management of user accounts
  • file utilities (i.e. copy &paste)
  • processor managementt
  • memory management
  • real-time processing
  • interrupt handling routines
  • security
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4
Q

types of user interface

A
  • GUIs that have menus and icons
  • CLIs where the user types in codes
  • NLIs where the user speaks to the interface
  • MBIs that give the user a selection of options
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5
Q

what does GUI stand for

A

graphical user interface

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6
Q

what does CLI stand for

A

command line interface

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7
Q

what does NLI stand for

A

natural language interface

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8
Q

what does MBI stand for

A

menu based interface

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9
Q

what are peripheral devices

A

all hardware components of the computer system that reside outside the CPU

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10
Q

OS and peripheral devices

A
  • communicating directly with the hardware
  • providing an interface between hardware and applications
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11
Q

OS and memory management

A
  • manages how the memory is used by applications
  • ensures one application does not interfere with the memory of another
  • allocates/deallocates specific sections of memory to each program
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12
Q

OS and resource monitoring and multitasking

A
  • efficient allocation of resources
  • sharing the CPU between applications at the same time
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13
Q

types of resources on an OS

A
  • the amount of memory used
  • how much processor time it needs in order to function
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14
Q

OS and disk management

A
  • making sure applications don’t override files
  • coordinating transfer of data from disks files into primary memory (vice versa)
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15
Q

security and the OS

A
  • identity to the user for authentication
  • username & password (also magnetic cards and biometrics)
  • use of log files that trace the activity of users on the computer system
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16
Q

main software applications

A
  • word processors
  • spreadsheets
  • database management systems
  • web browsers
  • email
  • computer-aided design (CAD)
  • graphic processing software
17
Q

word processors

A
  • tools for composition, editing, formatting, and printing
18
Q

advantages of a spreadsheet

A
  • speed
  • accuracy
  • auto-calculations
19
Q

what does DBMS stand for?

A

database management systems

20
Q

email

A
  • envelope, header, and the body
  • SMTP used
  • web-based or software
21
Q

the disadvantage of web-based email software

A

need to be connected to the internet while using it

22
Q

message header contains

A

information about the sender and recipients addresses, and the subject field and date/time stamp

23
Q

examples of uses of CAD

A
  • automotive
  • shipbuilding
  • architectural design
24
Q

CAD aspects

A

materials, dimensions, tolerances

25
Q

common features of applications

A
  • GUIs to allow the user to interact with the interface in a number of ways (not just commands)
26
Q

example components of GUIs

A
  • graphical icons
  • visual indicators
  • toolbars
    -menus
  • dialogue boxes
27
Q

Pros of CLIs

A
  • easier to implement by the programmer
  • requires less memory to run
  • can be run on computer systems without graphical monitor
  • quicker to type command than to use mouse
28
Q

Cons of CLIs

A
  • users need to remember specific commands
29
Q

Pros of GUIs

A
  • users do not need to remember specific commands
  • users use icons to remember commands
  • commands are grouped in menus
30
Q

Cons of GUIs

A
  • more complex to implement by a programmer
  • requires more memory
  • requires a graphical monitor and a pointing device
31
Q

acronym for GUIs

A

WIMP
Windows
Icons
Menus
Pointers

IB Computer Science (SL) (6 decks)

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