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IB Computer Science (SL) > 1.6 Social and Ethical Issues > Flashcards

1.6 Social and Ethical Issues Flashcards

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1
Q

What are social and ethical issues?

A

Issues that have positive and negative ethical and social impacts

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2
Q

Why are social and ethical issues difficult to deal with?

A

Because it is difficult to identify the person who is to be held responsible

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3
Q

Areas that are significant in social and ethical issues (14)

A

(1) reliability
(2) integrity
(3) inconsistency
(4) security
(5) privacy
(6) anonymity
(7) intellectual property
(8) the digital divide and equality of access
(9) surveillance
(10) globalisation, and cultural diversity
(11) IT policies
(12) standards and protocols
(13) people and machines
(14) digital citizenship

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4
Q

What is reliability?

A

How well an IT system functions

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5
Q

Why is reliability important?

A

Because the reliability of IT systems determines confidence in their value

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6
Q

What is integrity?

A

Protecting the completeness and accuracy of data

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7
Q

When does data not have integrity?

A

When it is…
1. Incomplete
2. Out of data

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8
Q

When does inconsistency happen?

A

When information is duplicated, and only one copy is updated

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9
Q

Area where inconsistency is common

A

Databases

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10
Q

How do you reduce inconsistency?

A

Reduce duplicants in the system

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11
Q

What is security?

A

The protection of hardware software, peripherals and computer networks from an authorised access

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12
Q

Examples of common security systems

A
  • biometrics
  • Passwords
  • Locks
  • Proprietary tokens
  • firewalls
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13
Q

What are proprietary tokens?

A

Proprietary keys/tokens used to gain access to systems

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14
Q

What does proprietary mean?

A

Being under a protected and registered name/off-the-shelf systems

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15
Q

What is privacy?

A

The ability to control how, and to what extent data is used and disseminated to others

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16
Q

Fundamental concepts of privacy

A

(1) how long data is stored
(2) who has access to the data
(3) how the data is used

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17
Q

When does privacy become anonymity?

A

When an individual uses, an IT system to conceal their identity

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18
Q

Examples of reasons for anonymity

A
  • Cyber bullying
  • Hack computers
  • Commit illegal, actions and crimes
  • Commit terrorism
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19
Q

How is intellectual property protected?

A

Copyright laws

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20
Q

What are copyright laws?

A

Laws designed to protect intellectual property from unauthorised and illegal reproduction

21
Q

Examples of intellectual property

A
  • Ideas
  • discoveries
  • Scientific endeavours
  • Film
  • Artwork
22
Q

What is the digital divide and equality of access

A

Where the growth in the use of IT systems have not developed at the same rate for everybody in all parts of the world

23
Q

Main factors that sustain the digital (5)

A

(1) economic costs
(2) lack of literacy
(3) lack of basic resources (e.g. electricity)
(4) financial costs
(5) lack of language skills

24
Q

What is surveillance?

A

Using IT systems to monitor individuals or groups of people, either with or without their knowledge or permission

25
Q

Possible issue with surveillance

A

Privacy issues

26
Q

What is globalisation and cultural diversity?

A

Where IT helps to diminish the importance of geographical, political, economic and cultural boundaries

27
Q

Possible effect of globalisation and cultural diversity

A

Traditional cultures and values may diminish gradually overtime

28
Q

What are IT policies?

A

Enforceable procedures and measures to promote appropriate use of computers

29
Q

Effect of fast pace IT progression

A

Policies are often quickly made obsolete

30
Q

What are standards and protocols?

A

Predefined technical rules and conventions that developers of hardware and software should follow

31
Q

What do Standards and particles do

A

Allow for compatibility

32
Q

Why are standards and protocols needed?

A

Need to ensure different systems are compatible with each other

33
Q

What are people and machines?

A

Analysing all aspects of the interaction between IT and humans

34
Q

Examples of people and machines

A
  • Internet addiction
  • The use of AI in military or law-enforcement situations
35
Q

What is digital citizenship?

A

Evaluates appropriate behaviour in the digital world

36
Q

what do social impacts consider? (4)

A

(1) stakeholders
(2) alternative solutions
(3) pros/cons
(4) feasible solutions

37
Q

What do ethical issues consider? (6)

A

(1) responsibility
(2) rules
(3) accountability
(4) decisions
(5) policies
(6) consequences

38
Q

Different computer, science scenarios (5)

A

(1) constant exposure to communication technology
(2) Internet
(3) use of smart phones
(4) gaming
(5) mobile phones

39
Q

Positive effect of: constant exposure to communication technology

A

Citizens are better informed about the world

40
Q

Positive effect of: Internet

A

The creation of email and the World Wide Web

41
Q

Positive effect of: use of smart phones

A

(1) easier communication in emergencies
(2) use of useful applications (e.g. GPS)

42
Q

Positive effect of: gaming

A

Better hand eye coordination

43
Q

Positive effect of: mobile phones

A

(1) easier communication with family
(2) easier communication in emergencies

44
Q

Negative effects of: constant exposure to communication technology

A

(1) psychological impacts: stress, poor concentration, and attention span
(2) obstacle to personal relationships

45
Q

Negative effects of: Internet

A

(1) addiction
(2) neglect real life
(3) social media obsession

46
Q

Negative effects of: use of smart phones

A

(1) anxiety
(2) increasing the expense of hardware

47
Q

Negative effects of: gaming

A

(1) addiction
(2) lower levels of concentration, due to lack of sleep
(3) social desensitisation
(4) neglected education and personal development

48
Q

Negative effects of: mobile phones

A

(1) possible health consequences
(2) possible car accidents

IB Computer Science (SL) (6 decks)

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