Medical Terminology Ch 4: Respiratory System Flashcards
diagnosis
identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory test results, and precedures
dia-
through, across
/gnos/
knowing
-is
noun ending
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs or the respiratory system
pulmon-
lung
-ary
pertaining to
respiration
molecular exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body’s tissues; also called breathing, pulmonary ventilation, or ventilation
thoracic
pertaining to the thorax or thoracic cage (bony enclosure formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae)
thorac-
chest
-ic
pertaining to
vascular
pertaining to a blood vessel
vascul-
vessel (usually blood or lymph)
-ar
pertaining to
adenoid/o
adenoids-The adenoid, also known as a pharyngeal tonsil or nasopharyngeal tonsil, is a mass of lymphatic tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the throat.
adenoid/ectomy
excision of the adenoids
-ectomy
excision, removal
laryng/o
larnyx (voice box)
laryng/o/scope
instrument for examining the larynx
-scope
instrument for examining
nas/o
nose
nas/al
pertaining to the nose
-al
pertaining to
rhin/o
nose
rhin/o/rrhea
discharge from the nose (runny nose), often the result of a cold or allergy
-rrhea
discharge, flow
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
pharyng/o/spasm
twitching or involuntary contractions of the pharynx (throat)
-spasm
involuntary contraction, twitching
tonsill/o
tonsils
tonsill/ectomy
excision of the tonsil
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
tache/o/tomy
incision of the trachea
-tomy
incision
alveo/o
alveolus; air sac
alveo/ar
pertaining to an alveolus (alveoli, plural)
bronch/o
bronchus (plural, bronchi)
bronch/o/scopy
visual examination of the bronchus (or bronchi) through a bronchoscope
-scopy
visual examination
bronchi/o
bronchus (plural, bronchi)
bronchi/ectasis
expansion or dilation of a bronchus (or bronchi)
-ectasis
expansion, dilation
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
bronchiol/itis
inflammation of the bronchiole
-itis
inflammation
phren/o
diaphragm
phren/algia
pain in the diaphragm
-algia
pain
pleur/o
pleura
each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in humans and other mammals.
pleur/o/dynia
pain in the pleura
-dynia
pain
pneum/o
air; lung
pneum/o/melan/osis
abnormal condition of blackening of the lung tissue (caused by inhalation of coal dust or other black particles) abnormal
melan
black
-osis
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
pneumon/o
lung
pulmon/o/logist
physician or medical specialist who treats pulmonary diseases
-logist
specialist in the study of
thorac/o
chest
thorac/o/pathy
disease of the thorax
-pathy
disease
aer/o
air
aer/o/phagia
swallowing air
-phagia
swallowing, eating
cyan/o
blue
cyan/osis
abnormal condition of blue (skin)
mastoid/o
mastoid process (houses air cells which direct sound waves into the inner ear)
mastoid/itis
inflammation of one of the mastoid bones, usually an extension of a middle ear infection
muc/o
mucus
muc/oid
resembling mucus
-oid
resembling
myc/o
fungus
myc/osis
any disease induced by a fungus
orth/o
straight
orth/o/pnea
(labored) breathing that improves when standing or sitting up
-pnea
breathing
py/o
pus
py/o/thorax
pus in the chest
-thorax
chest
-oma
tumor
chondr/oma
tumor composed of cartilage
chondr/o
cartilage
-plasty
surgical repair
rhin/o/plasty
surgical repair of the nose
-plegia
paralysis
laryng/o/plegia
paralysis of the larynx (voice box)
a-
without, not
a/pnea
not breathing
brady-
slow
brady/pnea
slow breathing
dys-
bad; painful; difficult
dys/pnea
bad, painful, or difficult breathing
eu-
good, normal
eu/pnea
normal, unlabored breathing
tachy-
rapid
tachy/pnea
rapid breathing
surgical repair of the nose
rhinoplasty
watery discharge from the nose
rhinorrhea
paralysis of the larynx
laryngoplegia
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
dilation or expansion of the bronchus
bronchiectasis
visual examination of the bronchus
bronchoscopy
pain in the pleura
pleurodynia or pleuralgia
inflammation of the pleura
pleuritis
abnormal condition of blue (skin)
cyanosis
difficult or painful breathing
dyspnea
slow breathing
bradypnea
rapid breathing
tachypnea
good or normal breathing
eupnea
pus in the thorax
pyothorax
swallowing air
aerophagia
crackles
fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the in the alveoli; also called RALES
friction rub
dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)
rhonchi
loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstructed airways
stridor
high-pitched, musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx
wheezes
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration; caused by narrowing of an airway
acidosis
excessive acidity of blood due to an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide CO2, in the body
acid
acid
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
life-threatening build-up of fluid in the air sacs (alveoli), caused by vomit into the lungs (aspiration), inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma, that prevents enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream; also called adult respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)
anosmia
absence or decrease in the sense of smell
an-
without, not
-osmia
smell
anoxia
total absence of O2 in body tissues; caused by a lack of O2 in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents O2 from reaching the lungs
-oxia
oxygen
asphyxia
condition of insufficient intake of oxygen due to choking, toxic gases, electric shock, drugs, drowning, smoke, or trauma
-phyxia
pulse
asthma
inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity, and coughing (with or without sputum)
atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and is caused by variety of conditions including obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretions, or pressure on the lung from a tumor
-atel
incomplete; imperfect
-ectasis
dilation, expansion
bronchitis
acute or chronic inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both
bronch
bronchus (plural, bronchi)
coryza
acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a COLD
croup
acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor.
cystic fibrosis (CF)
genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death
fibr
fiber, fibrous tissue
cyst/
bladder
emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that makes it difficult to breath and is characterized by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue that causes the small airways to collapse during forced exhalation
epistaxis
hemorrhage from the nose; also called nosebleed
epi-
above, upon
-staxis
dripping, oozing (blood)
hypercapnia
greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood
hyper-
excessive, above normal
-capnia
carbon dioxide CO2
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
hyp-
under, below, deficient
ox/
oxygen
-emia
blood condition
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
-oxia
oxygen
influenza
acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain
otitis media (OM)
inflammation of the middle ear, commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia; may be treated with myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes (OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum)
ot-
ear
/med/
middle
-ia
condition
pertussis
acute infectious disease characterized by a “whoop”-sounding cough; also called whooping cough
pheurisy
inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by deep breathing or coughing
/pleur
pleura
-isy
state of condition
pneumothorax
collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant; also called crib death
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
group of tests that measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in an arterial blood sample
arteri
artery
Mantoux test
intradermal test to determine recent or past exposure to tuberculosis (TB)
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
variety of test used to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage
cardi/o
heart
pulmon
lung
endotracheal intubation
procedure in which an airway catheter is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea in patients who are unable to breathe on their own or to administer oxygen, medication, or anesthesia
endo
in, within
postural drainage
use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities
thoracocentesis
use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space; also called thoracentesis
-centesis
surgical puncture
tracheostomy
incision into the trachea (tracheotomy) and creation of a permanent opening through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted to keep the opening patent (accessible or wide open)
-stomy
forming an opening
bronchodilators
dilate constricted airways by relaxing muscle spasms in the bronchial tubes through oral administration or inhaled via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
corticosteroids
suppress the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi
expectorants
improve the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
device that enables the patient to self-administer a specific amount of medication into the lungs through inhalation
nebulized mist treatment (NMT)
method of administering medication directly into the lungs using a device (nebulizer) that produces a fine spray; also called aerosol therapy.
pleurisy
is an inflammation of the pleura
croup
is an acute respiratory syndrome of childhood characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor
hypoxemia
is a deficiency of oxygen in the blood
corticosteroids
are hormonal agents that reduce edema and inflammation
CF (cystic fibrosis)
is a disease that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system dude to production of thick mucus
stridor
is a high-pitched musical sound made on inspiration resulting from an obstruction of air passages
asthma
is a respiratory disorder marked by recurrent attacks or difficult or labored breathing accompanied by wheezing
bronchodilators
are drugs that dilate the bronchioles and bronchi to increase airflow
pneumothorax
refers to a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity
ABGs
involve analyzing oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in an arterial blood sample
epistaxis
is a hemorrhage from the nose; also called nosebleed
anosmia
is an absence or decrease in the sense of smell
PFT (pulmonary function test)
refers to any of several tests used to evaluate respiratory function
Mantoux
is an intradermal test to determine recent or past exposure to tuberculosis
atelectasis
is a collapse of lung tissue, preventing the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
ABG
arterial blood gas
ARDS
adult respiratory distress syndrome; acute respiratory distress syndrome
CF
cystic fibrosis
CO2
carbon dioxide
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Dx
diagnosis
IV
intravenous
MDI
metered-dose inhaler
NMT
nebulized mist treatment
OM
otitis media
OP
outpatient; operative procedure
O2
oxygen
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
PFT
pulmonary function test
TB
tuberculosis
UPP
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
URI
upper respiratory infection
anesthesia
without feeling
biopsy
removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or follow the course of a disease
carcinoma
cancerous tumor
expire
exhale or to breath out
hem/o
blood
fascia
fibrous membrane supporting a separating muscles
hemorrhage
bursting of blood from vessel
lymph node
lymphatic tissue in clusters located in the neck area, under the arm, pelvis, and groin.
meatus
opening or tunnel through any part of the body, such as the external opening of the urethra
metastatic
the spread of a cancer from one organ to another
necropsy
examining of the dead
papillary
resembling a papilla
pathologic
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology
pneumonia
inhalation of coal dust or other black particles causing abnormality of the lungs
polypectomy
excision of small, tumorlike, benign growths(polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface
polypoid
resembling a polyp
snare
a surgical instrument consisting usually of a wire loop constricted by a mechanism in the handle and used for removing tissue masses (as tonsils or polyps)
submaxillary
of, relating to, situated, or performed in the region below the lower jaw
-esthesia
feeling
bi-
life
-opsy
view of
carcin-
cancer
-rrhage/-rrhagia
bursting of
meat/o
opening, meatus
-us
condition, structure
meta-
change, beyond
-static
pertaining to stopping; controlling
necr/o
death
pneumon-
lung
polyp-
small growth
sub-
below, under
-maxill/o
maxilla (upper jaw bone)
resembling a polyp
polypoid
an opening
meatus
removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination
biopsy
pertaining to a carcinoma that has spread to a distant site
metastatic
excision of a polyp
polypectomy
wire loop instrument used for excision of polyps
snare
abnormal burst forth of blood
hemorrhage
administered substance that results in a loss of feeling sensation
anesthesia
metric abbreviation that refers to a unit of length
cm centemeter
tumor that is cancerous
carcinoma
