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Medical Terms > Medical Terminology Ch 12: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Ch 12: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of the joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness

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2
Q

arthr

A

joint

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3
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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4
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replaced a diseased or damaged joint

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5
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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6
Q

articulate

A

site of contact between two bones; also called a joint

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7
Q

contraction

A

shortening or tightening of a muscle

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8
Q

musculosketal

A

pertaining to muscle and the skeleton

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9
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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10
Q

skelet

A

skeleton

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11
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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12
Q

radiography

A

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

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13
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius

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14
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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15
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricating fluid of the joint secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint

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16
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla/ upper jaw

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17
Q

crani/o

A

cranium/skull

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18
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

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19
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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20
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle

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21
Q

scapl/o

A

scapula

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22
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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23
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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24
Q

radi/o

A

radius

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25
Q

uln/o

A

ulna

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26
Q

carp/o

A

carpals

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27
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals

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28
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges

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29
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

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30
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

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31
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals

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32
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals

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33
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges

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34
Q

patell/o

A

patella

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35
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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36
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium

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37
Q

pelv/o or pelv/i

A

pelvic

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38
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

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39
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

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40
Q

fasci/o

A

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

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41
Q

fasci/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of fascia

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42
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber/fibrous tissue

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43
Q

fibr/oma

A

tumor of fibrous tissue

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44
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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45
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle (visceral)

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46
Q

leiomy/oma

A

tumor of smooth muscle

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47
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

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48
Q

lumb/o/cost/al

A

pertaining to the lumbar region and the ribs

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49
Q

cost

A

ribs

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50
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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51
Q

muscul/ar

A

pertaining to muscles

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52
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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53
Q

my/o/rrhexis

A

rupture of a muscle

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54
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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55
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

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56
Q

tend/o

A

tendon

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57
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

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58
Q

ten/o/tomy

A

incision of a tendon

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59
Q

-tomy

A

incision

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60
Q

tend/o/plasty

A

surgical repair of a tendon

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61
Q

tendin/itis

A

inflammation of a tendon, usually resulting from strain; also called tendonitis

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62
Q

carp/o/ptosis

A

downward displacement of the wrist; also called dropped wrist

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63
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward, displacement

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64
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of utuerus)

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65
Q

cervic/al

A

pertaining to the neck

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66
Q

sub/cost/al

A

beneath the ribs

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67
Q

sub-

A

under; below

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68
Q

carni/o

A

cranium (skull)

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69
Q

crani/o/tomy

A

incision through the cranium, usually to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures

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70
Q

humer/al

A

pertaining to the humerus

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71
Q

metacarp/ectomy

A

excision or resection of one or more metacarpal bones

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72
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, removal

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73
Q

phalang/itis

A

inflammation of one ore more phlanges

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74
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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75
Q

spondyl/itis

A

inflammation of any of the vertebrae, usually characterized by stiffness and pain

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76
Q

vertebr/al

A

pertaining to a vertebra or the vertebral column

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77
Q

stern/o/cost/al

A

pertaining to the sternum and ribs

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78
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneum (heel bone)

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79
Q

calcane/o/dynia

A

painful condition of the heel

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80
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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81
Q

femor/al

A

pertaining to the femur

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82
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)

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83
Q

fibul/ar

A

pertaining to the fibula

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84
Q

patell/ectomy

A

excision of the patella

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85
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

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86
Q

pelv/i/metry

A

measurement of the pelvic dimensions or proportions

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87
Q

-metry

A

act of measuring

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88
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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89
Q

pelv/is

A

refers to the pelvis (hipbone)

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90
Q

-is

A

noun ending

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91
Q

radi/o/graph

A

x-ray image

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92
Q

tibi/al

A

pertaining to the tibia (shin bone)

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93
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffness; bent, crooked

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94
Q

ankyl/osis

A

immobility of a joint

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95
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

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96
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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97
Q

arthr/o/desis

A

surgical fixation of a joint

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98
Q

-desis

A

binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)

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99
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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100
Q

cost/o/chondr/itis

A

inflammation of cartilage of the anterior chest wall (ribs)

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101
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

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102
Q

lamin/ectomy

A

excision of the lamina (bony arches of one or more vertebrae)

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103
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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104
Q

myel/o/cele

A

herniation of the spinal cord

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105
Q

-cele

A

hernia, swelling

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106
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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107
Q

orth/o/ped/ics

A

branch of medicine concerned with prevention and correction of musculoskeletal system disorders

108
Q

ped/

A

foot; child

109
Q

oste/o

A

bone

110
Q

oste/o/porosis

A

porous bone

111
Q

-porosis

A

porous

112
Q

-clasisa

A

to break; surgical fracture

113
Q

arthr/o/clasia

A

surgical breaking of adhesions to improve mobility of a joint

114
Q

-clast

A

to break

115
Q

oste/o/clast

A

cell that breaks down bone

116
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

117
Q

hemi/plegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

118
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

119
Q

my/o/sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of muscle tissue

120
Q

dia-

A

through, across

121
Q

peri-

A

around

122
Q

dia/physis

A

shaft or middle region of a long bone

123
Q

-physis

A

growth

124
Q

peri/oste/um

A

layer that covers the surface of a bone

125
Q

-um

A

structure, thing

126
Q

bone cells

A

osteocytes

127
Q

pain in bones

A

ostealgia, osteodynia

128
Q

disease of bones and joints

A

osteoarthropathy

129
Q

beginning or formation of bones

A

osteogenesis

130
Q

pertaining to the neck

A

cervical

131
Q

pertaining to the neck and arm

A

cervicobrachial

132
Q

pertaining to the neck and face

A

cervicofacial

133
Q

tumor of bone marrow

A

myeloma

134
Q

sarcoma of bone marrow (cells)

A

myelosarcoma

135
Q

radiography of the spinal cord

A

myelography

136
Q

abnormal softening of the spinal cord

A

myelomalacia

137
Q

pertaining to above the sternum

A

suprasternal

138
Q

resembling the breastbone

A

sternoid

139
Q

embryonic cell that forms cartilage

A

chondroblast

140
Q

inflammation of a joint

A

arthritis

141
Q

inflammation of bones and joints

A

osteoarthritis

142
Q

instrument for measuring the pelivs

A

pelvimeter

143
Q

twitching of a muscle

A

myospasm

144
Q

any disease of muscle

A

myopathy

145
Q

rupture of a muscle

A

myorrhexis

146
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)

147
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

148
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids

149
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musculotendinous rotator cuff injury

150
Q

sprain

A

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outwasrd

151
Q

strain

A

trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

152
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity of the foot; also called clubfoot

153
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; also called tenonitis

154
Q

torticollis

A

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck

155
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling and commonly, changes in structure

156
Q

arthr

A

joint

157
Q

gouty

A

arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; also called gout

158
Q

osteoarthritis

A

progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articular cartilage

159
Q

rheumatioid arthritis (RA)

A

chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities and immobility

160
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)

161
Q

contracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

162
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

163
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis, and most commonly in adolescent boys

164
Q

fracture

A

any break in a bone

165
Q

herniated disk

A

herniation or rapture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk

166
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures

167
Q

-porosis

A

porous

168
Q

Paget disease

A

skeletal disease affecting elderly people that causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones; also called osteitis deformans

169
Q

rickets

A

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis

170
Q

sequestrum

A

fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

171
Q

kyphosis

A

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; also called hunchback

172
Q

kyph-

A

humpback

173
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition; increase

174
Q

lordosis

A

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture

175
Q

lord-

A

curve, swayback

176
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis

177
Q

scoli

A

crooked, bent

178
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of one or more vertebrae

179
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis

180
Q

spondyl

A

vertebrae(backbone)

181
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression

182
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra (backbone)

183
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

184
Q

subluxation

A

partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint; also called partial dislocation

185
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain

186
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

187
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an ARTHROSCOPE, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures

188
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

189
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity

190
Q

total hip arthroplasty

A

replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone; also called total hip replacement (THR)

191
Q

sequestrectomy

A

excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

192
Q

sequestr

A

separation

193
Q

bone reabsorption inhibitors

A

reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease

194
Q

gold salts

A

treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system by preventing further disease progression

195
Q

muscle relaxants

A

relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness

196
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as sprains and strains, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout, and tendinits

197
Q

bone fractures: closed

A

bone is broken but no open wound in skin

198
Q

bone fractures: open

A

bone breaks through skin

199
Q

bone fractures: complicated

A

extensive soft tissue injury such as a broken rib piercing the lung above

200
Q

bone fractures: comminuted

A

bone is crushed into several pieces

201
Q

bone fractures: impacted

A

broken ends of a bone are forced into one another

202
Q

bone fractures: incomplete

A

line of fracture does not include the whole bone

203
Q

bone fractures: greenstick

A

bone is broken only on one side, commonly occurs most in children because growing bones are soft

204
Q

bone fractures: Colles fracture

A

distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand

205
Q

means decrease in bone density and an increase in porosity, causing the risk of fractures

A

osteoporosis

206
Q

means inflammation of a tendon

A

tendintis

207
Q

refers to trauma to a joint, causing injury to the surrounding ligament

A

sprain

208
Q

refers to muscular trauma that results from overuse or excessive, forcible stretch

A

strain

209
Q

means hunchback or humpback

A

kyphosis

210
Q

is a malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis, and occurs most commonly in adolescent boys

A

Ewing sarcoma

211
Q

means wryneck

A

torticollis

212
Q

is a disease characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints

A

gout

213
Q

is a disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and related structures that result in crippling deformities

A

RA

214
Q

is a skeletal disease of the elderly in chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones and is also called osteitis deormans

A

Paget disease

215
Q

is a fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

A

sequestrum

216
Q

means repair or replacement of a joint

A

arthroplasty

217
Q

is a grating sound made by the ends of bone rubbing together

A

crepitation

218
Q

is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscular weakness and progressive fatigue

A

myasthenia gravis

219
Q

means forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also called swayback

A

lordosis

220
Q

refers to a group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle; the most common form is called Duchenne

A

muscular dystrophy

221
Q

is connective tissue fibrosis that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

A

contracture

222
Q

is abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right

A

scoliosis

223
Q

refers to rupture of the nucleus pulposus between two vertebrae

A

herniated disk

224
Q

is pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

A

CTS

225
Q

BK

A

below the knee

226
Q

C1, C2, to C7

A

first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebrae, and so on

227
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

228
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

229
Q

DMARDs

A

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs

230
Q

Fx

A

fracture

231
Q

HNP

A

herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disk)

232
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

233
Q

L1, L2, to L5

A

first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, and so on

234
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

235
Q

NSAIDs

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

236
Q

ORTH, Ortho

A

orthopedics

237
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

238
Q

S1, S2, to S5

A

first sacral vertebra, second sacral vertebra, and so on

239
Q

T1, T2, to T12

A

first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, and so on

240
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

241
Q

pertaining to the sacrum and ilium

A

sacroiliac

242
Q

designates the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae

A

L3-4

243
Q

bending motion of a limb

A

flexion

244
Q

directional term indicating from the front to the back

A

anteroposterior

245
Q

pertaining to two sides

A

bilateral

246
Q

pertaining to an increase in the size of an organ or structure

A

hypertronphic

247
Q

pertaining to the lumbar vertebra and the sacrum

A

lumbrosacral

248
Q

pertaining to one side

A

lateral

249
Q

extending motion of a limb

A

extension

250
Q

pertaining to between vertebrae

A

intervertebral

251
Q

________ is a congenitial deformity of the foot

A

talipes

252
Q

the surgical puncture of a joint is known as ________

A

arthrocentesis

253
Q

partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone is known as a ________

A

subluxation

254
Q

immobility of joints is known as ________

A

ankylosis

255
Q

an elderly patient suffers from arthritis. her primary physician referred her to to a specialist called an ________

A

rheumatologist

256
Q

A patient fell on her hand, resulting in a downward displacement of her wrist, a condition known as ________

A

carpoptosis

257
Q

a joint is a place where two or more bones connect, or ________ to allow motion between the parts

A

articulate

258
Q

________ is a from of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency

A

rickets

259
Q

________ are responsible for movement, maintaining posture, and the propulsion of substances through the body

A

muscles

260
Q

________ refers to an impairment of a body structure

A

degenerative

261
Q

a laboratory result with findings of excessive uric acid probably indicates ________ arthritis

A

gouty

262
Q

the surgical procedure to excise part of the vertebrae is known as a ________

A

laminectomy

263
Q

________ fractures usually occur in children because their growing bones are soft and tend to splinter rather than break completely

A

greenstick

264
Q

________ relieve pain and reduce inflammation in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

A

NSAIDs

265
Q

a person with a symptom of heel pain would be suffering from ________

A

calcaneodynia

Medical Terms (6 decks)

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