24 Psychiatry

Question 1

Facilitating interventions

Answer 1

Reinforcement
Reflection
Summarizing
Reassurance
Encouragement
Acknowledgement of emotion
Humor
Silence

Question 2

Expanding interventions

Answer 2

Clarifying
Associations (other symptoms)
Leading (what/when/where/who)
Probing
Transitions
Redirecting (focus on uncovered areas)

Question 3

Obstructive interventions

Answer 3

Close-ended questions
Compound questions
"Why" questions
Judgmental questions
Minimizing concerns
Premature advice
Premature interpretation
Transitioins
Non-verbal communication

Question 4

CAGE questionnaire

Answer 4

Have you ever felt the need to Cut amount
Has anybody been Annoyed
Have you ever felt Guilty
Drink in the morning is an Eye-opener

Question 5

Components of MSE

Answer 5

Appearance and behavior
Motor activity
Speech
Mood and affect
Thought content
Thought process
Perceptual disturbance
Judgment
Insight
Cognition

Question 6

Examples of motor activity

Answer 6

Tics (habitual spasmodic contraction)
Mannerisms (habitual way of doing something)
Stereotypes (ritualistic movement in response to stimulus)

Question 7

Mood vs affect

Answer 7

Mood = internal and sustained emotional state
Affect = external state, what clinician perceives

Question 8

Problems with thought content

Answer 8

Obsessions
Delusions (fixed, false beliefs not shared with anyone)
Suicidality and homicidality

Question 9

Problems with thought process

Answer 9

Circumstantial (info overload)
Clang associations (rhyme)
Flight of ideas (associated)
Thought blocking
Neologism
Perseveration (go back to topic)
Tangentiality (appropriate but indirect)
Looseness of association (still proper sentence structure)
Word salad (no sense, babbling)

Question 10

Perceptual disturbances

Answer 10

Hallucinations (no stimuli)
Illusions (wrong perception)
Depersonalization (person is unreal)
Derealization (environment is unreal)

Question 11

Elements of cognition

Answer 11

Alertness (awake, drowsy, obtunded, stuporous, coma)
Orientation (time, place, person)
Concentration (serial 7, world/karne)
Attention 
Memory (immediate, recent memory, recent past, remote)
Calculation
Reading and Writing
Fund of knowledge
Abstract thinking

Question 12

Types of judgment

Answer 12

Test judgment (hypothetical)
Social judgment (experience)

Question 13

Levels of insight

Answer 13

Complete denial
Slight awareness but denying
Blames others
Intellectual insight
True emotional insight