18 Health and Disasters

Question 1

Predictors of hazard proneness

Answer 1

Geographical location

Population

Question 2

Classification of hazards

Answer 2

Natural
Societal (explosion, armed conflict, stampede, ambush, hostage taking, war, terrorism)
Technological (fire, transportation accident, chemical spill/leak, infrastructure accidents)
Biological (food poisoning, disease, red tide)

Question 3

Hazards that follow other hazards (e.g. natural hazards)

Answer 3

Secondary hazards

Question 4

Public health consequences

Answer 4

Overwhelmed local response
Destroy health infrastructure and disrupt provision of services
Adverse effects on environment and population (water sanitation, oil spills)
Affect psychological and social behavior
Undesirable long-term consequences

Question 5

Effects of disasters on health systems

Answer 5

Disruption of routine health systems
Diversion of resources to emergency relief
Diversion of development resources
Diversion of capital

Question 6

Disaster Cycle

Answer 6

Response phase (helping affected)
Recovery/Rehabilitation (replenishing supplies, repair structures)
Prevention/Mitigation (health security, strengthening hospitals, disaster planning)
Preparedness (developing the capacity to respond to disasters; training, logistics, networking)

Question 7

Disease prevention and mitigation

Answer 7

Avoid hazards and mitigate potential impact by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure by enhancing capabilities of communities

Question 8

Disaster preparedness

Answer 8

Establish and strengthen capacities of communities to
anticipate, cope, and recover from the negative impacts of
emergency occurrences and disasters (training, logistics, networking, planning)

Question 9

Disaster response

Answer 9

Life preservation and basic needs

Question 10

Disaster rehabilitation and recovery

Answer 10

Restore and improve facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions

Question 11

DOH Quad Cluster

Answer 11

Medical and public health
Nutrition
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)
Mental health and psychosocial support

Question 12

Health services and programs of PHE

Answer 12

Health policies
Health promotion
Health systems management
Coordination and Communication

Question 13

Stages of PHE

Answer 13

Immediate (EMSS/pre-hospital care, detox and decontamination)
Short-term (public health, non-communicable diseases; end of first week)
Medium-term (restoration; end of first month)
Long-term (programs; end of 3 months)
Conclusion (evaluation and revision)

Question 14

Health resilience

Answer 14

Capacity of health system to absorb, adapt, and transform; still retain control of structure and functions

Question 15

Health disaster preparedness

Answer 15

Governance (policies, coordination mechanisms)
Capacities
Resources