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02 FCH > 14 Preventative Medicine > Flashcards

14 Preventative Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Determinants of health

A

Social conditions wherein people live and work, health equity, health inequity

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2
Q

Components of the epidemiological triad

A

Agent, host, and environment

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3
Q

Agent factors inherent within the agent

A

Biological (life cycle and morphology)
Physical (viability and resistance)
Chemical (antigenic composition, poison, toxins)

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4
Q

(Agent factor in relation to man) ability of an agent to invade and enter a susceptible host

A

Infectivity

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5
Q

(Agent factor in relation to man) ability of an agent to cause disease

A

Pathogenicity

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6
Q

(Agent factor in relation to man) degree of disease severity that the agent is able to cause

A

Virulence

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7
Q

(Agent factor in relation to man) ability to stimulate the host to produce antibodies

A

Antigenicity

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8
Q

Mumps, chicken pox, measles, varicella

A

Highly virulent and antigenic

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9
Q

(Agent factor in relation to environment) Carriers of the illnesses

A

Reservoir (humans, animals, inanimate objects)

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10
Q

Human reservoirs with active infection, symptomatic

A

Case

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11
Q

Human reservoirs previously infected, might not have symptoms

A

Carrier

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12
Q

Agent factors in relation to environment-transmission

A

Physical (fomites)
Biological (vectors)
Social (human interactions)

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13
Q

Host factors

A

Age, sex, race, genetics, personality, lifestyle/habits

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14
Q

Environmental factors

A 
Social environment (people interactions)
Physical environment 
Biological environment (vectors, pets, livestock)
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15
Q

Examples of social environment factors

A

Culture, socioeconomic status, health system structures (access to hospitals)

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16
Q

Examples of physical environment factors

A

Climate (hot/rainy weather), water supply (unclean/drought), weather conditions

17
Q

Phases of pathogenesis

A 
Pre-clinical phase (asymptomatic, incubation period)
Clinical phase (symptomatic)
18
Q

Types of symptoms

A 
Prodrome (mild)
Frank illness (more specific)
Chronic (prolonged w/ complications)
19
Q

Outcomes of pathogenesis

A

The agent fails to lodge within the body (failure to enter or killed by immune system)
Agent is able to lodge and multiply but no obvious disease
Agent lodges, multiplies, and causes significant signs and symptoms

20
Q

Methods of prevention

A

Eliminate or attack the agents of disease
Attack or control the channels of transmission
Reduce contact of the agent and host
Augment host defense mechanisms

21
Q

Phases of prevention

A 
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
22
Q

Goals of primordial prevention

A

Making healthy environments

23
Q

Goal of primary prevention

A

Health promotion and specific protection before onset of clinical disease

24
Q

Examples of primordial prevention

A

Infrastructure (parks, greenspaces)
Policies
Resources

25
Q

Methods to attain primary prevention goals

A

Health promotion

Specific protection

26
Q

Examples of health promotion

A

Within: health education, clean water and sanitation, practice healthy habits
Outside: governance (policies), socioeconomic development (employment and wages to afford healthcare), education (literacy), infrastructure (hospitals, RHUs, health centers)

27
Q

Examples of specific protection

A

Immunization
Chemoprophylaxis
Nutrient supplementation
Occupational safety

28
Q

Goals of secondary prevention

A

Early diagnosis to minimize disease spread and reduce complications
Prompt treatment to improve prognosis

29
Q

Methods to attain secondary prevention

A

Screening of high-risk groups

Prompt chemoprophylaxis

30
Q

Goals of tertiary prevention

A

Disability limitation

Rehabilitation (reintegration of affected individual)

31
Q

Phenomenon of going down the social ladder due to loss of the ability to earn income because of complications from illness

A

Social drift

32
Q

Methods for rehabilitation

A

Physical (PT)
Psychological (coping mechanisms)
Vocational (jobs, training, skills)
Social (family, friends, and community)

33
Q

Process of infection

A 
Favorable conditions
Suitable reservoir
Suitable host
Portal of entry
Portal of exit
Dissemination and transmission
34
Q

Spectrum of infection

A 
No infection
Unrecognized infections (missed cases)
Clinically recognizable cases (mild, moderate, severe, death)
35
Q

Goal of quaternary prevetion

A

To minimize morbidity and mortality

02 FCH (6 decks)

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