2.4-2.5 Enzymes

Question 1

Enzymes?

Answer 1

Are proteins that accelerate reactions in living things. They are needed for almost all processes in living things.

Question 2

What do enzymes end in?

Answer 2

• ase.

Question 3

Chemical reaction?

Answer 3

Bonds break and form during chemical reactions. It changes substances into different ones - they recombine into different substances.

Question 4

Reactants?

Answer 4

Are changed during a chemical reaction.

Question 5

Products?

Answer 5

Are made by a chemical reaction.

Question 6

Are atoms created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?

Answer 6

No, they are just rearranged.

Question 7

Activation energy?

Answer 7

Is the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed to start a chemical reaction.

Question 8

Catalysts?

Answer 8

Are substances that speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes are biological catalysts. They lower activation energy and increase reaction rates.

Question 9

Substrates?

Answer 9

Substrates are reactant molecules that bind to the enzyme. Specific shapes of enzymes bind to specific shapes of substrate; they fit like a lock and key.

Question 10

Active site?

Answer 10

The site where the substrate binds to an enzyme. Is where the reaction takes place.

Question 11

Denatured enzymes?

Answer 11

Has lost some of its original properties. May be due to heat or chemical reactions. The enzyme becomes inactive.

Question 12

Coenzyme?

Answer 12

Is a substance that works with an enzyme to initiate or aid the function of the enzyme. Cannot function on their own and require the presence of an enzyme.

Question 13

Competitive inhibitor?

Answer 13

Binds the active site on the enzyme and prevents binding of the substrate. The activity of enzymes can be inhibited.

Question 14

Noncompetitive inhibitor (allosteric inhibitor)?

Answer 14

Binds to a location other than the active site on the enzyme, inducing a shape change in the enzyme. Substrate can no longer bind to the active site.