2.3.1 Carbohydrates, Proteins & Fats Flashcards
Most of the molecules in living organisms fall into three categories, what are they?
Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats
What do Carbs, Protein and Fat all contain
they all contain carbon and so are described as organic molecules
What are the Chemical Elements of Carbs
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
What are the Chemical Elements of Protein
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. Some contain small elements of Sulphur
What are the Chemical Elements of Lipids
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
What is a monosaccharide
A monosaccharide is a simple sugar e.g. glucose (C6H12O6) or fructose
Glucose molecules contain lots of energy, how can they be released
Glucose molecules contain lots of energy which can be released in respiration by breaking the bonds between the carbon atoms
How is a adisaccharide made
A disaccharide is made when two monosaccharides join together
How is Maltose formed
from two glucose molecules
How is Sucrose formed
from one glucose and one fructose molecule
How is a polysaccharide formed
when lots of monosaccharides join together
Starch, glycogen or cellulose are all formed when what joins together?
when lots of glucose molecules join together
Polysaccharides are insoluble and therefore useful as, what?
storage molecules
Most fats (lipids) in the body are made up of, what?
triglycerides
What is the triglycerides basic unit
Their basic unit is one glycerol molecule chemically bonded to three fatty acid chains
Lipids are divided into, what?
fats (solids at room temperature) and oils (liquids at room temperature)
Proteins are formed from long chains of, what?
amino acids
How many types of amino acids are they
20
When amino acids are joined together, what is formed?
Protein
Different proteins have different amino acid sequences resulting in them being, what?
different shapes
Even a small difference in the amino acid sequence will result in a completely different, what?
protein being formed
The different sequences of amino acids cause what?
cause the polypeptide chains to fold in different ways and this gives rise to the different shapes of proteins
The shape of a protein determines its, what?
function
