2.2.2 Specialized Cells Flashcards
The structural differences between different types of cells enables them to perform, what?
specific functions within the organism
Cell differentiation is an important process by which a cell changes to become, what?
specialised
As an organism develops, cells differentiate to form, what?
different types of cells
Almost all of the cells in a multicellular organism will contain the same
genetic information, but depending on what role a particular cell needs to have, only some of the genes in a particular cell are used/expressed to control its development
When a cell differentiates, it develops a structure and composition of, what?
subcellular structures which enables it to carry out a certain function.
For example, to form a nerve cell the cytoplasm and cell membrane of an undifferentiated cell must elongate to form connections over large distances
As a multicellular organism develops, its cells differentiate to form, what?
specialised cells
Do cells In an animal, differentiate at an early or late stage of development
Early, As a result, animal cells lose their ability to differentiate early in the life of the organism
Specific cells in various locations throughout the body of an animal _____ _____ _____ to differentiate throughout the life of the animal
retain the ability
What are undifferentiated cells called
adult stem cells
What do adult stem cells do?
they are mainly involved in replacing and repairing cells (such as blood or skin cells)
Plants differ from animals in that many types of plant cells retain the ability to, what?
plant cells retain the ability to fully differentiate throughout the life of a plant, not just in the early stages of development
Specialised cells are those which have developed, what?
certain characteristics in order to perform particular functions. These differences are controlled by genes in the nucleus
Cells specialise by undergoing, what?
differentiation
