23.1-23.10 Digestive System Flashcards
Membrane on external surface of most digestive organs
Visceral peritoneum
Membrane that lines body wall
Parietal peritoneum
Fluid filled space between two peritoneums
Peritoneal cavity
Inflammation of peritoneum
Caused by piercing of abdominal wound, perforating ulcer, ruptured appendix
Treatment: Debris removal, antibiotics
Peritonitis
Located outside or posterior to the peritoneum
Includes: pancreas, duodenum, parts of large intestine
Retroperitoneal organs
Oral cavity
Mouth
Anterior opening of mouth
Oral orifice
Type of cells that resist abrasion and food
Strat. squamous epithelium
Median attachment of each lip to gum
Labial frenulum
Mixture of food and saliva
Initiation of swallowing, speech, and taste
Bolus
Sensory organs for taste; Located on tongue papillae
Taste buds
Cleanses mouth, dissolves food chemicals for taste, moistens food
Saliva
Enzyme that breaks down starch at mouth
Amylase
Enzyme that breaks down lipids
Lingual lipase
Inflammation of parotid glands via mumps virus
Can spread by saliva
Mumps
Process of chewing that tears and grinds food into smaller fragments
Mastication
Chisel shaped teeth for cutting
Insiors
Fanglike teeth that tear or pierce
Canines
Broad crowns with rounded cusps used to grind or crush
Premolars
Broad crowns with rounded cusps
Best grinders
Molars
Milk teeth or baby teeth
20 total
6-24 months
Deciduous teeth
Deep lying, enlarged teeth that erupt around 6-12 years
32 total
Permanent teeth
Ratio of upper to lower teeth for only half of mouth
Dental formuala
Calcified connective tissue
Covers root of tooth
Cement
Pointed, projecting part of crown
Cusp
Ceramic like material that covers crown and bears force of chewing
Enamel
Forms fibrous joint gomphosis of mouth
Anchors tooth in bony socket
Periodontal ligament
Flat muscular tube that runs from laryngopharynx to stomach
Collapsed when not involved in food propulsion
Pierces stomach at esophageal hiatus
Esophagus
Sphincter that keeps orifice closed when food is not being swallowed
Gastroesophageal sphincter
Stomach acid regurgitation into
esophagus
Aka - acid reflux
Can be caused by excess food/drink, extreme obesity, pregnancy, running
Heart burn
Structural abnormality where part of stomach protrudes above diaphragm
Hiatal hernia
Swallowing
2 phases:
1. Buccal phase - V
2. Pharyngeal-esophageal phase -I
Deglutition
Folds of stomach interiorly
Rugae
Temporary storage organ that starts chemical breakdown of protein digestion
Can expand to 4000 mL
Stomach
Stomach cell that secretes thin acidic mucus
Mucous neck cells
Stomach cell that secretes HCl and intrinsic factor
Activates pepsin; Largest cell, rugged edges
Parietal cells
Stomach cell that secretes pepsinogen (activated to pepsin), pepsin, lipase
Located at bottom of gastric gland
Chief cells
Stomach cell that secretes serotonin, histamine, and hormones
Enteroendocrine cells
Protects stomach from harsh digestive conditions
Mucosal barrier
Anything that breaches mucosal barrier and causes inflammation in stomach wall
Erosions of tissues, leads to inflammation of peritoneum, hemorrhage
Caused by helicobacter pylori
Ulcer
