18.3 Coronary Circulation Flashcards
Functional blood supply to heart muscle; Shortest circulation in body
Delivered when heart is relaxed
Left ventricle receives most blood
Coronary arteries and veins
Coronary circulation
Runs towards left side of heart; Has two branches:
1. Anterior interventricular artery
2. Circumflex artery
Supplies arterial blood to heart
Left coronary artery
Runs to right side of heart; Has two branches:
1. Right marginal artery
2. Posterior interventricular artery
Right coronary artery
Arise from aorta and supply arterial blood to heart
Coronary arteries
Collect blood from capillary beds
3 types: great, middle, small cardiac veins
Several anterior veins empty into anterior of heart
Cardiac veins
Empties into right atrium, formed by merging of cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
Thoracic pain caused by fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to myocardium
Cells are weakened
Angina pectoris
Prolonged coronary blockage
Also referred to as heart attack
Areas of cell death are repaired with non contractile scar tissue
Myocardial infarction
Double-walled sac that surrounds heart
Made of two layers:
1. Fibrous
2. Serous
Pericardium
Inflammation of the pericardium
Roughness membrane surfaces, causing pericardial friction rub (creaking sound)
Pericarditis
Excess fluid that leaks into pericardial space
Can compress heart’s pumping ability
(Downton abbey ep.)
Treatment: fluid is drawn out of cavity
Cardiac tamponade
Problems with the heart present at birth
Congenital heart defects
Superior part of interventricular septum fails to form; Allows blood to mix between the two ventricles
More blood shunted from left to right because left ventricle is larger
Ventricular septal defect
When part of aorta is narrowed; Increasing the workload of the left ventricle
Coarctation of aorta
Four defects of heart:
1. Narrow pulmonary trunk
2. Hypertrophied RV
3. Ventricular septal defect
4. Aorta opens from both ventricles
Tetralogy of fallot
Opening that connects atria
Foramen ovale
Connects pulmonary trunk to aorta
Turns into ligamentum arteriosum
Ductus arteriosus
Tether that holds aorta and pulmonary trunk closer together (remnant of ductus arteriosus from fetal circulation)
Ligamentum arteriosum
Remnant of foramen ovale
Fossa ovalis
Pressure greater in atria
_____ to let blood flow
AV valves open
Pressure greater in ventricles
_______ so blood doesn’t reverse flow into atria
AV valves closed
Period of contraction
Systole
Period of relaxation
Diastole
Sound of closing a AV valves at beginning of ventricular systole
“Lub”
Sound of closing SL valves at beginning of ventricular diastole
“Dup”
The action of listening to sounds from heart, lungs, or other organs
Auscultation
True or False?
Right valves close slightly before left valves
True
Abnormal heart sounds heard when blood hits obstructions
Usually indicate valve problems
Heart murmurs
Valve fails to close completely and is insufficient allowing for backflow of blood
Blood backflows so heart re-pumps same blood over and over
Causes swishing sound
Incompetent (insufficient) valve
Stiff valves constrict opening, so valve fails to open completely, restricting blood flow through valve
“Stent” needed to open up valve
Causes high pitched sound or clicking as blood is forced through narrow valve
Heart required to exert more force
Stenotic valve
Supplies left atrium and posterior walls of left ventricle with blood
Inferior to left coronary artery
Circumflex artery
Serves the myocardium of the lateral right side of heart
Right marginal artery
Runs to heart apex and supplies the posterior ventricular walls
Near the apex of heart, this artery merges with the anterior interventricular artery
Posterior ventricular artery
Supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles
Anterior ventricular artery
