23.02.15 Decoupling environmental harm, Tapio

Question 1

purchasing power parity

Answer 1

a measure of how much one unit of a currency would buy in different countries, calculated by comparing the price of one or more particular products in each country. Purchasing power parity is used to judge if currency exchange rates are correct in relation to what can be bought with different currencies
Economic production measured in monetary terms, here the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measured in purchasing power parity (PPP)
The theory of purchasing power parity says that, over time, exchange rates should equalize the prices of an identical basket of goods and services in any two countries.

Question 2

Technical dematerialisation

Answer 2

Technical dematerialisation means lowering emissions per unit of material consumption (for instance, grams of CO2 emissions per vehicle kilometre) without changing consumption and production structure.

Question 3

Structural dematerialisation

Answer 3

Structural dematerialisation is based on change in the consumption and production structure (for instance, change in modal split).

Question 4

Decarbonisation

Answer 4

Decarbonisation refers here to the combined effect of immaterialisation and dematerialisation that can be measured by CO2 per economic output.

Question 5

Green electricity

Answer 5

electricity that is produced in a way that protects the natural environment, for example by using wind, water, or the sun

Question 6

bulk

Answer 6

[C usually singular] something or someone that is very large
She eased her large bulk out of the chair.
bulk electricity

Question 7

unsparing

Answer 7

formal extremely generous with money, time, help, etc.
Last of all, our thanks go to the caterers who have been unsparing in their efforts to make this afternoon such a success.
From unsparing to efficient airing

Question 8

airing

Answer 8

a period of time when you allow the air to make something dry and fresh
The room was damp and smelly so we opened all the windows and gave it a good airing.

Question 9

condensation electric power plant

Answer 9

A condensation electric power plant uses organic fuels (solid fuels, mainly pulverized coal of various types, as well as mazut). The heat released by combustion of the fuel is transmitted to a working substance, usually steam, in a boiler unit (steam generator).

Question 10

firewood

Answer 10

wood used as fuel for a fire

From electrical heating to firewood burning

Question 11

compile

Answer 11

C1 to collect information from different places and arrange it in a book, report, or list
We compiled data on the past development of the three sectors in question, from 1990 to 2010.
We’re compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the subject.

Question 12

hydroelectric

Answer 12

producing electricity by the force of fast moving water such as rivers or waterfalls
a hydroelectric power station
Norway continues to use mainly hydroelectric power in domestic consumption while exporting oil products