22.02.15 Decoupling environmental harm, Tapio

Question 1

dematerialisation

Answer 1

the decoupling of environmental harm from material production
Dematerialisation can be measured by changes in
the carbon intensity of energy production (CO2 emissions/TPES).

Question 2

immaterialisation or amaterialisation

Answer 2

the decoupling of material production from economic growth

Immaterialisation can be measured by using indicators such as energy intensity (TPES/GDP)

Question 3

disposable income

Answer 3

C2 the money that you can spend as you want and not the money that you spend on taxes, food, and other basic needs
The same components can be analysed on the national
economy level (GDP), enterprise level (turnover), or household level
(disposable income).

Question 4

extrapolate

Answer 4

to guess or think about what might happen using information that is already known
We note that in addition to trend extrapolation and econometric models, wider, more communicative and action-oriented methods of futures studies should be used.

Question 5

econometrics - econometric models

Answer 5

the testing of the performance of economies and economic theories using mathematical methods
We note that in addition to trend extrapolation and econometric models, wider, more communicative and action-oriented methods of futures studies should be used.
اقتصاد سنجی

Question 6

discern

Answer 6

to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear
I could just discern a figure in the darkness.
It is difficult to discern any pattern in these figures.
A relative decoupling of GHG emissions and/or carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from gross domestic product (GDP) can be discerned in long-term trends in the energy and food sectors.

Question 7

Relative, or weak, decoupling

absolute, or strong, decoupling

Answer 7

Relative, or weak, decoupling means that the economy is growing faster than environmental harm, in this case greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, whereas absolute, or strong, decoupling means that environmental harm is
decreasing while the economy is growing.

Question 8

modest

Answer 8

B2 not large in size or amount, or not expensive
The party made modest gains in the elections, but nothing like the huge gains that were predicted.
As for transport, decoupling has been modest and in many countries non-existent.

Question 9

recession

Answer 9

B2 a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad
What happens to environmental harm in a recession?