2.3 Wireless Network Standards Flashcards
What is the wireless networking standard?
802.11
What is the wireless networking standard managed by?
the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee
Who handles interoperability testing with Wi-Fi?
Wi-Fi Alliance (Wi-Fi is their trademark)
When was 802.11a released?
1999
What frequency does 802.11a operate in?
5 GHz range (other frequencies need special licensing)
What was the speed of 802.11a?
54 Mbit/s
Why did 802.11a have a smaller range than 802.11b?
The higher frequency is absorbed by objects in the way (5 GHz)
When was 802.11b introduced?
1999
What range does 802.11b operate in?
2.4 GHz
What was the speed of 802.11b?
11 Mbit/s
What was an issue that 802.11b and 802.11g ran into?
Frequency conflict (baby monitors, microwaves, cordless phones, Bluetooth) from being in the 2.4 GHz range
When was 802.11g introduced?
2003
What frequency does 802.11g operate in?
2.4 GHz
What was the speed of 802.11g?
54 Mbit/s (similar to 802.11a)
802.11g is backward compatible with what standard?
802.11b
What is 802.11n also called?
Wi-Fi 4
When was 802.11n introduced?
2009
What frequency does 802.11n operate in?
5 GHz
and/or
2.4 GHz
What are the channel widths of 802.11n
40 MHz
What is the speed of 802.11n?
600 Mbit/s (40 MHz mode and 4 antennas)
802.11n uses ______
MIMO
What is MIMO? What standard uses this? (2)
Multiple-input Multiple-output
(multiple transmit and receive antennas)
802.11n uses this, and 802.11ac
802.11ac is also called what?
Wi-Fi 5
802.11ac was introduced when?
2014
What band does 802.11ac operate in?
5 GHz (less crowded, more frequencies)
802.11ac has up to what size channel bandwidth?
160 MHz
Which standard has increased channel bonding? What is channel bonding? (2)
802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)
Larger bandwidth usage
What standard has denser signaling modulation? What does that do?
802.11ac
faster data transfers
How many MU-MIMO downlink streams does 802.11ac have?
8 (twice as many as 802.11n)
8 MU-MIMO downlink streams offer speeds of ____. For which standard?
nearly 7 gigabits per second (Gbit/s)
802.11ac
802.11ax is also called what?
Wi-Fi 6
802.11ax was approved what year?
2021
802.11ax operates at what frequency?
5 GHz
and/or
2.4 GHz
802.11ax uses what channel widths?
20, 40, 80, 160 MHz
802.11ax’s 8 MU-MIMO streams reach what speeds?
1,200 Mbit/s per channel
What does OFDMA stand for?
Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA)
What is OFDMA?
It works similar to cellular communication and improves high-density installations
What wireless standard uses OFDMA?
802.11ax
What is the range you might get from a wireless access point in a house with stock antennas?
40 to 50 meters
How would you try to connect 2 buildings located miles from each other?
With long-range fixed wireless; fixed directional antennas and increased signal strength
Is there a lot of signal absorption or bounce outdoors?
No, minimal
What are directional antennas?
Focused, point-to-point connection
Where do you refer to for Wireless regulations?
Your country’s regulatory agency
What frequencies are used for long-range fixed wireless?
2.4, 5 GHZ. Additional may be available, additional licensing may be required
Who installs outdoor antenna installations?
An expert (be safe!)
What does RFID stand for?
Radio Frequency Identification
What are 4 examples of RFID?
- Access badges
- Inventory/Assembly line tracking
- Pet/Animal identification
- Anything that needs to be tracked
What type of technology is RFID?
Radar (radio energy transmitted to the tag)
How are RFID powered?
through Radio frequency, then ID is transmitted back
What is active/powered RFID?
Requires a power source (not powered by RF)
Radar (RFID) technology communicates in what direction?
bidirectional (1 way mostly though)
NFC communicates in what direction?
2-way wireless
NFC helps with ____ pairing
Bluetooth
What technology is used for access tokens, identity cards, and other things that are short-range with encryption support?
NFC
