2.1 Introduction to IP

Question 1

In terms of the Internet, what represents a shipping truck, the road, and what type of shipping truck it is?

Answer 1

Shipping truck - large amounts of data being moved
Road - network topology (Ethernet, DSL, cable system)
Shipping truck - roads were designed for the Internet Protocol (IP) truck

Question 2

What represents what’s inside the boxes holding your data?

Answer 2

Boxes of TCP and UDP

Question 3

What else is inside the boxes holding your data?

Answer 3

Application information, etc

Question 4

How is TCP and UDP transported?

Answer 4

inside of IP

Question 5

TCP and UDP are encapsulated by what?

Answer 5

the IP protocol

Question 6

What are TCP and UDP different ways for?

Answer 6

2 different ways to move data from place to place

(different applications have/need different features)

Question 7

TCP and UDP are located in what OSI layer?

Answer 7

Layer 4

Question 8

What is multiplexing in terms of TCP and UDP?

Answer 8

use many different applications at the same time

Question 9

What type of connection is TCP?

Answer 9

connection-oriented

(formal connection, waits for acknowledgment)

Question 10

Which connection method can manage out-of-order messages and retransmissions?

Answer 10

TCP

(provides recovery from errors)

Question 11

What type of connection is UDP?

Answer 11

connection-less

(no formal open/close to the connection)

Question 12

Which connection is reliable delivery and which is unreliable delivery? (2)

Answer 12

reliable delivery - TCP
unreliable delivery - UDP

Question 13

Both UDP and TCP have error recovery and can reorder data/retransmissions. T or F?

Answer 13

False, only TCP has error recovery and reorders data/retransmissions

Question 14

Which connection doesn’t stop and allow you to re-send the data?

Answer 14

UDP (provides real-time communication)

Question 15

What are 2 connectionless protocols that would use UDP?

Answer 15

1. DHCP
2. TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)

Question 16

What are 2 connection-oriented protocols that prefer a “return receipt” by using TCP?

Answer 16

1. HTTPS
2. SSH

Question 17

When an application is using TCP, does it have to worry about out of order frames or missing data?

Answer 17

No, TCP handles all the communication overhead. The application just has one job.

Question 18

A real-world example of the IP shipping truck delivering to an IP address would be?

Answer 18

Delivering to a house with an address

Question 19

What happens when boxes of data arrive at the right house?

Answer 19

They go into the right room (port)

Question 20

What are non-ephemeral ports?

Answer 20

Permanent port numbers

Question 21

What are the port numbers for ephemeral ports?

Answer 21

Ports 1,024 - 65,535

Question 22

What are ephemeral ports?

Answer 22

temporary port numbers

ephemeral = ghost = temporary

Question 23

What are the non-ephemeral ports?

Answer 23

Ports 0 - 1,023

Question 24

Where are non-ephemeral ports usually located?

Answer 24

on a server or service (since they’re permanent)

Question 25

How are ephemeral port number assignments determined?

Answer 25

in real-time by the client

Question 26

TCP and UDP ports can be any number between….?

Answer 26

0 and 65,535

Question 27

Although not always the case, most servers (services) use what type of port numbers?

Answer 27

non-ephemeral (not-temporary)

Question 28

Are port numbers used for security?

Answer 28

No, they’re used for communication

Question 29

Service port numbers need to be what?

Answer 29

Well known

Question 30

Are TCP port numbers the same as UDP port numbers?

Answer 30

No