23: Social Developments

Question 1

What percentage of people lived in towns by 1871?

Answer 1

65%

Question 2

What were the living conditions like in towns?

Answer 2

Factory reform had led to shorter hours
Food and finished goods readily available
Public institutions (ie libraries)
New sewage system in London
Birth and death rates had fallen
Torrens Act (1868) meant landlords had to look after their properties

Question 3

Why was there regional division?

Answer 3

Remote counties suffered from depopulation

People moving meant the Gaelic language was becoming obsolete

Question 4

Describe Evangelicalism

Answer 4

Belief held by Anglicans and non-conformists

Encouraged thrift, sobriety, industry and self sacrifice

Question 5

Give 3 examples of evangelicals

Answer 5

Shaftesbury, Dr Barnardo, William Booth (Salvation Army)

Question 6

When was the trade union revival?

Answer 6

1850s

Question 7

Why were the trade unions respected by politicians more this time?

Answer 7

Kept small (unlike GNTCU)
Respectable leaders
Skilled workers

Question 8

What groups wanted better education?

Answer 8

Utilitarians - For progressive society
Evangelicals - So people could improve their lives
Radicals

Question 9

What acts helped education?

Answer 9

Forster’s Education Act - Allowed elementary schools to be set up
Sandon’s Act and Mundella’s Act - Made school compulsory for under 10s