20: Government and Democracy Flashcards
What was the Liberal leader Gladstone’s catchphrase?
Peace, retrenchment and reform
Why did Gladstone dislike taxation?
Saw it as depriving people of their freedom to spend money however they wished
When did Gladstone win a good majority in the election?
1868
Who became PM after Gladstone and the Liberal Party lost middle class support?
The Conservatives under Disraeli
List Gladstone’s social reforms in the early 1870s
- Forster’s education act (70) - Provision for elementary schools
- Army and civil service reform (72+73)- Increased efficiency
- Trade Union Act (71) - Legal right to hold property and funds
- Criminal Law Amendment Act - Made picketing illegal
- Licensing Act - Fixed pub opening and closing times
- Married Women’s Property Act - Gave them legal rights
When did Disraeli become PM?
1874
Describe Disraeli’s social reforms
- Artisan’s Dwelling Act - Local authorities could buy and redevelop slums (wasn’t compulsory)
- Public Health Act - Set minimum standards for drainage and appointed a medical officer
- Employers and Workmen Act - Introduced a contract of service
- More factory acts - Reduced women and children’s working hours and brought all industries in line with textiles
Evaluate Disraeli’s reforms
Aware of working class needs
Public health good as it lasted 60 years
Established state intervention
Legislation wasn’t compulsory
What was the effect of the 1867 (2nd) Reform Act?
Increased number of voters to 2.5 million
1/3 adult men could vote compared to 1/6
Only benefitted skilled workers
Distribution of seats wasn’t proportionate
Led to education acts so the electorate was educated
When was the Secret Ballot Act?
1872
What acts did Gladstone introduce to make voting fairer?
Corrupt Practices Act
Redistribution Act
When was the Third Reform Act and who did it bring into the electorate?
1884
Miners, agricultural labourers
