2.3 Protein Structure, Ligand Binding and Conformational Change iii ) Reversible Binding of Phosphate and the Control of Conformation

Question 1

The addition or removal of a phosphate can cause what in proteins?

Answer 1

A reversible conformational change

Question 2

Name a common form of post-translational modification

Answer 2

The addition or removal of a phosphate onto a protein

Question 3

What is the purpose of protein kinases?

Answer 3

Protein kinases catalyse the transfer of a phosphate group to other proteins

Question 4

The terminal phosphate of ATP is transferred to where?

Answer 4

Specific R groups

Question 5

Purpose of protein phosphatases

Answer 5

Catalyse the reverse reaction- The terminal phosphate of ATP that was transferred to a specific R group is transferred back to the ATP molecule

Question 6

How is the activity of cellular proteins such as enzymes and receptors regulated?

Answer 6

Phosphorylation. It brings about conformational changes, which can affect a protein’s activity

Question 7

Two results of the phosphorylation of proteins

Answer 7

Some proteins are activated by phosphorylation while others are inhibited

Question 8

What is the result of adding a phosphate group to a protein

Answer 8

Adding a phosphate group adds negative charges. Ionic interactions in the unphosphorylated protein can be disrupted and new ones created.