2.1 The Proteome

Question 1

Definition of a genome

Answer 1

An organisms complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. All the genetic material in an organism (chromosomal, mitochondrial, chloroplast, plasmid)

Question 2

Definition of the proteome

Answer 2

The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome

Question 3

Why is the proteome larger than the set of genes?

Answer 3

More than one protein can be produced from a single gene as a result of alternative RNA splicing

Question 4

What are genes that do not code for proteins called?

Answer 4

Non-coding RNA genes.

Question 5

Examples of non- coding RNA genes

Answer 5

Include those that are transcribed to produce tRNA, rRNA, and RNA molecules that control the expression of other genes.

Question 6

How can the set of proteins expressed by a given cell type can vary?

Answer 6

Over time and under different conditions

Question 7

Factors affecting the set of proteins expressed by a given cell type

Answer 7

The metabolic activity of the cell, cellular stress, the response to signalling molecules, and diseased versus healthy cells.