2.3 Outbreak Of War With Spain 1585-88 Flashcards
When did england and spain go to war?
1585
How much did elizabeth loan to dutch rebels?
£100,000
What did the protestant rebels do in the netherlands in 1581?
Declared war on spain and established a dutch republic.
How did elizabeth react to netherlands declaring independence ?
Elizabeth gave limited financial help to rebels , but she was reluctant to provoke Phillip by getting directly involved
Why was elizabeth forced to intervene in the dutch -spanish conflict ?
In 1584 the rebel leader , william the silent, was assassinated , and the dutch revolt was in danger of being defeated
How did elizabeth react to william the silents assassination?
Elizabeth began to give direct assistance to rebels in 1585 when she signed the treaty of nonsuch
What was the treaty of nonsuch?
1585 , basically put england and spain at war together as it stated that the netherlands was placed under protection and promised military assistance by england.
What was the treaty of joinville?
Signed in 1584 by french and spanish to become allies to against protestantism
Why did the dutch rebels have a chance?
Spanish government was bankrupt, so forced could rampage and sack cities , even antwerp. All dutch provinces unified in 1576 under the pacification of ghent. All faiths united to fight spanish authority.
How did elizabeth improve relations with france?
Promised to marry duke of alecon. She wanted to gain french support to fight the spanish.
How much did elizabeth give to the duke of alecon to support dutch rebels?
£70,000
What happened to duke of alecon?
Withdrew troops from netherlands , then returned in 1582 and failed . He died in 1584
Who did elizabeth send to fight before 1585?
Casmirs army of volunteers.
Why did catholics agree peace with spain ?
Attacked by casmirs army
Reasons for elizabeth being at fault for the decline of anglo spanish relations between 1569-85?
- supported drakes voyages to the new world, he attacked spanish ships , she knighted him
- england funded protestant rebels
- have alecon £70000
- foreign policy
When did spain take Portugal ?
1580, made them a lot stronger
Who did the dutch rebels want as their monarch?
Queen elizbabeth
What was the treaty of berwick?
Made Scotland and england protestant countries , work together to fight Phillip.
Who did elizabeth appoint to netherlands military expedition?
Earl of Leicester, robert dudley
Religious reasons for the treaty of nonsuch?
Elizabeth wanted to protect dutch protestantism and prevent phillip forcing catholicism on them
Commercial reasons for the treaty of nonsuch ?
Netherlands porte were essential for english exports
Military reasons for the treaty of nonsuch ?
If rebels defeated phillip might use the netherlands as a base for invasion of england
Strategic reasons for signing the treaty of nonsuch?
Spain seeking control of french crown. If dutch rebels were also defeated , then spain would control almost the entire channel and Atlantic coasts of europe.
What did robert dudley do as soon as he got to the netherlands?
Accepted position of governor general , which was a serious mistake. It suggested elizabeth had taken control of netherlands which risked provoking Phillip even further l he immediately resigned
How was Dudleys campaign ?
1586-1587
- unsuccessful
- suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the spanish general the duke of parma and had no success. Resigned in 1587 and returned to engkand
Who replaced the unsuccessful spanish military lead Don Juan?
Duke of Parma
Reasons for english failure in netherlands?
- Dudley was a poor general
- officers were bitterly divided over strategy
- Dudley had a small army compared to the number of spanish troops
- english army was poorly equipped
- elizabeth didn’t provide sufficient funds to pay for english troops
How was english naval support for the dutch more effective?
Patrolled coastline preventing spanish landing forces
What was phillips reaction to the treaty of nonsuch?
Saw it as a declaration of war. He began building a huge fleet (an armada) and planned to invade england
What was elizabeths response to phillips building of an armada?
In 1587 she sent francis drake to spy on spanish oreoartjons and attack their ships and supplies
Where were most of the spanish armadas ships being built?
Portuguese port of Lisbon . Deep water port was protected by strong fortifications and drake knew he couldn’t attack it with any hope
What did Drake do instead of attacking Portuguese port of lisbon?
Decided to attack a port of Cadiz, which was not as well defended. Fewer naval ships were anchored there , but port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies , which drake intended to seize and destroy
What happened when drake raided Cadiz
Sailed into Cadiz harbour and began to attack ships anchored there . He destroyed about 30 ships and seized many tonnes of supplies , including food and weapons
When was the attack of Cadiz ?
April 1587
What did drake do after the raids on Cadiz?
Drake sailed along the coast of spain and Portugal , seizing spanish ships and destroying supplies which were being sent to Lisbon for the armada
What was the san Filipe ?
Drake captured it during his raids , it was a spanish ship returning from the america laden with gold , spices and silk . Its valuable cargo easily covered the costs of drakes expedition and enabled elizabeth to improve England’s defences
Why was the raid on Cadiz significant ?
Major impact on phillips plans to invade england , delaying the armada for more than a year . Strained finances as he stole supplies and weapons . Drake captured more than 1000 tons of wood , which was needed to make barrels and used to carry food and water. There were supply problems for the armada and effect spanish troops morale
What was the ‘singeing the king of spains beard’
Drakes description of the raid of cadiz . He meant that he had inflicted temporary damage on king phillips armada , but hadnt destroyed it entirely , it will grow back
