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GCSE History - Elizabethan England > 1.1 Situation Of Elizabeths Accession > Flashcards

1.1 Situation Of Elizabeths Accession Flashcards

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1
Q

Life expectancy in elizabethan time?

A

28-41

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2
Q

Who was the monarch before elizabeth and why was she significant ?

A

Mary I . She burnt protestants alive .

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3
Q

Who has all the power in the 16th century ?

A

Monarch

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4
Q

Who are the nobility ?

A

Rich people , who come from rich families in society

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5
Q

Who are the gentry?

A

A person of good social position

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6
Q

Who are the yeomen?

A

A man holding a small landed estate.

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7
Q

Who is a tenant farmer?

A

A person who farms rented land.

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8
Q

Who is a merchant?

A

Person involved in whole sale trade

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9
Q

Who is a craftsman?

A

A worker skilled in a particular craft.

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10
Q

Who were the privy council?

A

Group of about 20 of the queens most trusted advisors, who made sure her wishes were carried out.

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11
Q

How many times did the queen summon parliament in her 44 year reign?

A

13 times

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12
Q

Who made up parliament ?

A

Nobility and gentry

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13
Q

Who did the queen rely on the enforce laws?

A

Nobility and gentry throughout the country. There were local government posts for justices of peace who volunteered to gain power.

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14
Q

Who were the justices of peace?

A

Enforced the law , provided for the poor and ensured roads and bridges were maintained.

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15
Q

Who will the queen go too , to make a new law?

A

Parliament who will increase taxation if do not have money

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16
Q

What was the trend with population during elizabethan time ?

A

Grew rapidly , went from 2.8 million in 1558 to 4.1 million in 1603

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17
Q

Which places had a rapid increase of population?

A

Towns and cities , most people worked before in rural areas. London was by far the biggest city

18
Q

What dominated the elizabethan economy?

A

Agriculture , especially wool to europe

19
Q

Where were merchants starting to explore?

A

The new world

20
Q

What profession dominated elizabethan society?

A

Small land owning aristocracy of nobility and gentry. Also lawyers and merchants increased

21
Q

Was there social mobility during elizabethan times?

A

No , massive inequality and division between rich and poor became a major problem

22
Q

Who was elizabeths father and mother?

A

Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

23
Q

How far was she down the line of succession was elizabeth?

A

3 places , no one expected her to become monarch

24
Q

What happened between mary I and elizabeth in 1554?

A

Mary accused her of conspiring against her and placed her under house arrest for almost a year

25
Q

What were elizabeths character flaws?

A
  • too cautious
  • indecisive
  • only trusted a few close advisors
26
Q

What was elizabeths I positive character traits?

A

Intelligent
Confident
Well educated
Little training yet became a powerful and effective leader.

27
Q

What was the issue with elizabeths legitimacy?

A

In 1533 Henry VIII divorced his first wife catherine of Aragon and married Anne Boleyn. Divorce was forbidden in the catholic church so many catholics believed she was illegitimate as the marriage of henry and Anne was not valid. Henry even declared elizabeth illegitimate after executing Anne in 1536. He later changed his mind

28
Q

How social attitudes towards women was an issue for elizabeth?

A

Most people believed monarch should be a man, that a woman monarch was unnatural. Marys reign enforced that belief. Many though elizabeth would just be governed by a husband or her advisors , only a figurehead . Elizabeth refused.

29
Q

Who elizabeths expectation of marrying and producing an heir was an issue for her?

A
  • because people believed women could not rule effectively there was pressure for elizabeth to find a husband
  • risk of civil war if elizabeth died without an heir.
  • elizabeth was reluctant to marry as she thought she would lose power to husband . She became known as the virgin queen.
30
Q

What was the state of elizabeths inherited economy?

A

King Edward VI spent huge sums o pf money fighting against Scotland an queen Mary had spent too much aswell.elizabeth inherited enormous debts. Henry VIII was known aswell for spending vast sums of money

31
Q

What did Mary I do to cover debts?

A

Sold off large amounts of land owned by crown. Although short term was good , long term decreased rental income of crown.

32
Q

What was the taxation system like in 1558?

A

Old fashioned and ineffective . Ordinary people payed high taxes and nobility and gentry could get away with paying less.

33
Q

What was the state of inflation in 1558?

A

Very high. Prices rising and wages staying the same . Poor hit hardest.

34
Q

What did Mary I do to france in 1557?

A

Took england to war against them, to support Phillip II of spain her husband who was already at war with france.

35
Q

What happened when Mary waged war against france?

A

War was not a success. January 1558, french conquered calais , England last remaining territory in europe. Made it difficult for english to control channel , increased chance of invaison

36
Q

How did elizabeth decrease tensions with france?

A

Peace agreed in 1559

37
Q

Who controlled scotland when elizabeth became queen?.

A

French , catholic royal family and many french troops in scotland , many scots hated the french though

38
Q

Who did Mary queen of scots marry in 1558?

A

The heir to the french throne

39
Q

Why was there still a threat from scotland?

A

French royals disliked elizabeth and wanted a catholic monarch. This increase threat from north.

40
Q

How did the threat of french invasion greatly reduce in 1560?

A

Late 1550s Scottish protestants led by preacher john Knox, rebelled against french rule and appealed for English support and gained it in 1560. French were defeated and forced out of scot. And also marys husband had died greatly reducing chance of invasion

41
Q

What was the french wars of religion and how did it help elizabeth?

A

Began in 1562 -1598 , long civil war between protestants and catholics . Greatly weakened the french removing threat of invasion for rets of 16th century

42
Q

When did Henry VIII divorce catherine of Aragon and marry anne Boleyn?

A

1533

GCSE History - Elizabethan England (12 decks)

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