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Gastrointestinal > 2.3 Anatomy of the Abdomen (HARC) LIVER,PANCREAS,GALLBLADDER > Flashcards

2.3 Anatomy of the Abdomen (HARC) LIVER,PANCREAS,GALLBLADDER Flashcards

1
Q

what is the LARGEST GLAND in the body

A

the LIVER

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2
Q

LIVER colour (reddish/brown) can vary depending on the … content

A

Fat content

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3
Q

LIVER performs a wide variety of METABOLIC ACTIVITIES required for..

A

HOMEOSTASIS, NUTRITION, IMMUNE DEFENCE

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4
Q

ROLES of the LIVER:

A
  • REMOVAL and BREAKDOWN of (potentially) TOXIC materials from the BLOOD
  • REGULATION of BLOOD GLUCOSE and LIPIDS
  • STORAGE of certain VITAMINS, IRON and other micronutrients
  • SYNTHESIS of PROTEINS and CLOTTING FACTORS (HEPARIN)
  • METABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS
  • BILE PRODUCTION
  • populated by Phagocytic MACROPHAGES
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5
Q

is GI, LIVER is important for PRODUCTION and SECRETION of..

A

BILE

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6
Q

What does the LIVER do for BLOOD

A

FILTRATION
- REMOVAL of BACTERIA and FOREIGN PARTICLES that have gained entrance into the Blood from the Lumen of the SMALL INTESTINE

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7
Q

what SYNTHESISED by LIVER that has an important DETOXIFICATION FUNCTION

A

HEPARIN - an ANTICOAGULANT (blood thinner)

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8
Q

where is the LIVER found

A

UPPER part of ABDOMINAL CAVITY (upper right, extends to left)
just beneath Diaphragm, under right Costal margin (should not be palpable)

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9
Q

2 main SURFACES of the LIVER:

A
  • DIAPHRAGMATIC: ANTERIOR, SUPERIOR, POSTERIOR
    smooth, domed, lying against inferior surface of diaphragm
  • VISCERAL: INFERIOR
    covered with visceral peritoneum
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10
Q

what RECESSES are associated with the DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE of the LIVER

A

SUBPHRENIC
HEPATORENAL

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11
Q

VISCERAL SURFACE of the LIVER is covered with VISCERAL PERITONEUM EXCEPT where..

A
  • FOSSA for the GALLBLADDER
  • the PORTA HEPATIS
  • BARE AREA
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12
Q

LIVER is DIVIDED into LEFT & RIGHT LOBES by which structures?

A

FOSSAE for the GALLBLADDER
and the IVC

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13
Q

Which LOBE of the LIVER is BIGGER

A

RIGHT LOBE

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14
Q

2 LOBES in the LIVER arising from the RIGHT Lobe visible on Posterior Surface

A

CAUDATE LOBE (more superior) & QUADRATE LOBE (more inferior)

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15
Q

FUNCTIONALLY which LIVER Lobe are the CAUDATE and QUADRANT LOBES related to

A

LEFT LOBE
- in relation to BLOOD SUPPLY, VENOUS DRAINAGE, and HEPATIC DUCTS

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16
Q

SEGMENTS of the LIVER are called:

A

COUINAUD SEGMENT

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17
Q

each LIVER SEGMENT (8) is Wedge-shaped with APEX POINTING towards the..

A

Hepatic HILUM

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18
Q

at the APEX of a LIVER SEGMENT what is ENTERING

A

single segmental branch of
- PORTAL VEIN (from gut/spleen)
- HEPATIC ARTERY
- BILE DUCT

19
Q

in the SIDES of each LIVER SEGMENT there is VENOUS OUTFLOW through what

A

HEPATIC VEINS (liver to IVC to Heart)

  • which run in 3 VERTICAL PLANES that SEPARATE the Segments
20
Q

difference between PORTAL and HEPATIC VEINS in the LIVER

A

Portal: brings Deoxy blood FROM the GUT/SPLEEN to liver (rich, nutritious)

Hepatic: Deoxy blood FROM LIVER TO the IVC

21
Q

LIGAMENT visible on ANTERIOR surface of LIVER between Left and Right Lobes

A

FALCIFORM LIGAMENT

22
Q

LIGAMENTS visible on POSTERIOR surface of LIVER

A

LEFT & RIGHT TRIANGULAR LIGAMENTS
CORONARY LIGAMENT

23
Q

LIGAMENTS visible on POSTERIOR surface of LIVER

A

LEFT & RIGHT TRIANGULAR LIGAMENTS
CORONARY LIGAMENT

24
Q

what is the LIVER completely SURROUNDED by

A

a FIBROUS CAPSULE

25
Q

LIVER is made up of… with ..

A

liver LOBULES
- with CENTRAL VEIN in each
(tributary of Hepatic Veins, drain into IVC)

26
Q

what are in the SPACES between the Liver LOBULES

A

PORTAL CANALS

contain branches of the HEPATIC ARTERY, PORTAL VEIN, BILE DUCT
- ‘PORTAL TRIAD’

27
Q

how does the Arterial and Venous BLOOD PASS BETWEEN Liver CELLS (HEPATOCYTES)
by means of the…

A

by means of the SINUSOIDS
- and DRAIN INTO the CENTRAL VEIN

28
Q

what does a PORTAL TRIAD consist of (LIVER)
/ Portal Hepatis

A
  • PORTAL VEIN
  • HEPATIC ARTERY
  • BILE DUCT
29
Q

what does BILE do

A

DIGESTS and ABSORBS FAT and FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
in the SMALL INTESTINE

and ELIMINATES WASTE PRODUCTS including BILIRUBIN (from breakdown of RBCs)

30
Q

WHERE does BILE DIGEST/ABSORB FAT or Fat-soluble vitamins and Eliminate WASTE products

A

SMALL INTESTINE

31
Q

BILE is PRODUCED and SECRETED by HEPATOCYTES at what constant RATE

A

40 ml per Hour

32
Q

HEPATOCYTES SECRETE BILE into … which flows INTO BILE DUCTS

A

CANALICULI

33
Q

when not in use / when Digestion is NOT taking place, where is BILE STORED and CONCENTRATED (5-fold)

A

in the GALLBLADDER

34
Q

from RIGHT / LEFT HEPATIC DUCTS (from R/L Lobes) where does BILE go

A

into COMMON HEPATIC DUCT
->
BILE DUCT
->
DUODENUM (descending part)
->
PANCREAS

35
Q

where does BILE go from the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT when NOT NEEDED

A

common Hepatic duct
-> CYSTIC DUCT
-> GALLBLADDER

36
Q

where does BILE go from the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT when NOT NEEDED (which duct)

A

common Hepatic duct
-> CYSTIC DUCT
-> GALLBLADDER

37
Q

EXOCRINE portion of the PANCREAS SECRETES ENZYMES capable of..

A

HYDROLYSING PROTEINS, FATS, CARBOHYDRATES

38
Q

LOCATION of PANCREAS (Lobulated Gland)

A

Lies in EPIGASTRIUM

sits on POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

  • ANTERIOR to AORTA and IVC
  • Retroperitoneal
39
Q

how much of the PANCREAS gland tissue is EXOCRINE

A

≥ 95%

40
Q

MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT (running from TAIL to HEAD, receiving many Tributaries) OPENS INTO:

A

MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA (2nd part duodenum)

  • with BILE DUCT
41
Q

where do the BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT COME TOGETHER before opening into the MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA

A

HEPATOPANCREATIC AMPULLA (of VATER)

42
Q

if there is an ACCESSORY DUCT where does it DRAIN FROM and OPEN INTO

A

FROM UPPER part of HEAD of pancreas and opens into MINOR DUODENAL PAPILLA

(above main duct)

43
Q

Blood is DRAINED FROM LIVER TO IVC via:

A

HEPATIC VEIN

Gastrointestinal (19 decks)

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