2.3 Anatomy of the Abdomen (HARC) LIVER,PANCREAS,GALLBLADDER Flashcards
what is the LARGEST GLAND in the body
the LIVER
LIVER colour (reddish/brown) can vary depending on the … content
Fat content
LIVER performs a wide variety of METABOLIC ACTIVITIES required for..
HOMEOSTASIS, NUTRITION, IMMUNE DEFENCE
ROLES of the LIVER:
- REMOVAL and BREAKDOWN of (potentially) TOXIC materials from the BLOOD
- REGULATION of BLOOD GLUCOSE and LIPIDS
- STORAGE of certain VITAMINS, IRON and other micronutrients
- SYNTHESIS of PROTEINS and CLOTTING FACTORS (HEPARIN)
- METABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS
- BILE PRODUCTION
- populated by Phagocytic MACROPHAGES
is GI, LIVER is important for PRODUCTION and SECRETION of..
BILE
What does the LIVER do for BLOOD
FILTRATION
- REMOVAL of BACTERIA and FOREIGN PARTICLES that have gained entrance into the Blood from the Lumen of the SMALL INTESTINE
what SYNTHESISED by LIVER that has an important DETOXIFICATION FUNCTION
HEPARIN - an ANTICOAGULANT (blood thinner)
where is the LIVER found
UPPER part of ABDOMINAL CAVITY (upper right, extends to left)
just beneath Diaphragm, under right Costal margin (should not be palpable)
2 main SURFACES of the LIVER:
- DIAPHRAGMATIC: ANTERIOR, SUPERIOR, POSTERIOR
smooth, domed, lying against inferior surface of diaphragm - VISCERAL: INFERIOR
covered with visceral peritoneum
what RECESSES are associated with the DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE of the LIVER
SUBPHRENIC
HEPATORENAL
VISCERAL SURFACE of the LIVER is covered with VISCERAL PERITONEUM EXCEPT where..
- FOSSA for the GALLBLADDER
- the PORTA HEPATIS
- BARE AREA
LIVER is DIVIDED into LEFT & RIGHT LOBES by which structures?
FOSSAE for the GALLBLADDER
and the IVC
Which LOBE of the LIVER is BIGGER
RIGHT LOBE
2 LOBES in the LIVER arising from the RIGHT Lobe visible on Posterior Surface
CAUDATE LOBE (more superior) & QUADRATE LOBE (more inferior)
FUNCTIONALLY which LIVER Lobe are the CAUDATE and QUADRANT LOBES related to
LEFT LOBE
- in relation to BLOOD SUPPLY, VENOUS DRAINAGE, and HEPATIC DUCTS
SEGMENTS of the LIVER are called:
COUINAUD SEGMENT
each LIVER SEGMENT (8) is Wedge-shaped with APEX POINTING towards the..
Hepatic HILUM
at the APEX of a LIVER SEGMENT what is ENTERING
single segmental branch of
- PORTAL VEIN (from gut/spleen)
- HEPATIC ARTERY
- BILE DUCT
in the SIDES of each LIVER SEGMENT there is VENOUS OUTFLOW through what
HEPATIC VEINS (liver to IVC to Heart)
- which run in 3 VERTICAL PLANES that SEPARATE the Segments
difference between PORTAL and HEPATIC VEINS in the LIVER
Portal: brings Deoxy blood FROM the GUT/SPLEEN to liver (rich, nutritious)
Hepatic: Deoxy blood FROM LIVER TO the IVC
LIGAMENT visible on ANTERIOR surface of LIVER between Left and Right Lobes
FALCIFORM LIGAMENT
LIGAMENTS visible on POSTERIOR surface of LIVER
LEFT & RIGHT TRIANGULAR LIGAMENTS
CORONARY LIGAMENT
LIGAMENTS visible on POSTERIOR surface of LIVER
LEFT & RIGHT TRIANGULAR LIGAMENTS
CORONARY LIGAMENT
what is the LIVER completely SURROUNDED by
a FIBROUS CAPSULE
LIVER is made up of… with ..
liver LOBULES
- with CENTRAL VEIN in each
(tributary of Hepatic Veins, drain into IVC)
what are in the SPACES between the Liver LOBULES
PORTAL CANALS
contain branches of the HEPATIC ARTERY, PORTAL VEIN, BILE DUCT
- ‘PORTAL TRIAD’
how does the Arterial and Venous BLOOD PASS BETWEEN Liver CELLS (HEPATOCYTES)
by means of the…
by means of the SINUSOIDS
- and DRAIN INTO the CENTRAL VEIN
what does a PORTAL TRIAD consist of (LIVER)
/ Portal Hepatis
- PORTAL VEIN
- HEPATIC ARTERY
- BILE DUCT
what does BILE do
DIGESTS and ABSORBS FAT and FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
in the SMALL INTESTINE
and ELIMINATES WASTE PRODUCTS including BILIRUBIN (from breakdown of RBCs)
WHERE does BILE DIGEST/ABSORB FAT or Fat-soluble vitamins and Eliminate WASTE products
SMALL INTESTINE
BILE is PRODUCED and SECRETED by HEPATOCYTES at what constant RATE
40 ml per Hour
HEPATOCYTES SECRETE BILE into … which flows INTO BILE DUCTS
CANALICULI
when not in use / when Digestion is NOT taking place, where is BILE STORED and CONCENTRATED (5-fold)
in the GALLBLADDER
from RIGHT / LEFT HEPATIC DUCTS (from R/L Lobes) where does BILE go
into COMMON HEPATIC DUCT
->
BILE DUCT
->
DUODENUM (descending part)
->
PANCREAS
where does BILE go from the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT when NOT NEEDED
common Hepatic duct
-> CYSTIC DUCT
-> GALLBLADDER
where does BILE go from the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT when NOT NEEDED (which duct)
common Hepatic duct
-> CYSTIC DUCT
-> GALLBLADDER
EXOCRINE portion of the PANCREAS SECRETES ENZYMES capable of..
HYDROLYSING PROTEINS, FATS, CARBOHYDRATES
LOCATION of PANCREAS (Lobulated Gland)
Lies in EPIGASTRIUM
sits on POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
- ANTERIOR to AORTA and IVC
- Retroperitoneal
how much of the PANCREAS gland tissue is EXOCRINE
≥ 95%
MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT (running from TAIL to HEAD, receiving many Tributaries) OPENS INTO:
MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA (2nd part duodenum)
- with BILE DUCT
where do the BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT COME TOGETHER before opening into the MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
HEPATOPANCREATIC AMPULLA (of VATER)
if there is an ACCESSORY DUCT where does it DRAIN FROM and OPEN INTO
FROM UPPER part of HEAD of pancreas and opens into MINOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
(above main duct)
Blood is DRAINED FROM LIVER TO IVC via:
HEPATIC VEIN
