2.2 Anatomy of the Abdomen (HARC) GI TRACT ABOVE DIAPHRAGM Flashcards
What forms the ROOF of the MOUTH
HARD and SOFT PALATES
FLOOR of the MOUTH:
TONGUE
POSTERIOR APERTURE of MOUTH that is the Boundary between the Oral Cavity and the OROPHARYNX
OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS
the BORDER between the MOUTH and PHARYNX is MARKED by the … ARCH
PALATOGLOSSAL ARCH
CLOSURE of the OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS occurs by which MUSCLE
(keeps food in mouth)
PALATOGLOSSUS
- MUSCLE of the SOFT PALATE
the OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS lies between the..
and is Bounded on both sides by the..
between SOFT PALATE and DORSUM of the TONGUE
bounded by the PALATOGLOSSAL ARCHES
is which DIRECTIONS do each PALATOGLOSSAL ARCH run
DOWNWARDS, LATERALLY, FORWARDS
from SOFT PALATE to the SIDE of the TONGUE
what does PALATOGLOSSAL ARCH consist of
PALATOGLOSSUS (muscle)
covering MUCOUS MEMBRANE
PALATOGLOSSAL ARCHES SHUT OFF the mouth from the Oropharynx which is essential for..
DEGLUTITION (chewing & swallowing)
what is the name for the small recess/narrowings on the sides of the Laryngeal Inlet (where fishbones may get stuck)
PIRIFORM FOSSA
what is the name for the ANTERIOR SUPERIOR portion of the EPIGLOTTIS - small mucosa-lined depression:
VALLECULAE
TONGUE is a highly MUSCULAR organ important for..
DEGLUTITION, TASTE, SPEECH
TONGUE is ATTACHED by its MUSCLES to the..
HYOID BONE,
MANDIBLE,
STYLOID PROCESSES,
SOFT PALATE,
PHARYNGEAL WALL
what is the DORSAL MUCOSA of the TONGUE covered by and what do these do
numerous PAPILLAE
- help INCREASE SURFACE AREA
- all have TASTE BUDS (except Filiform)
what is the name of the V-SHAPED structure that DIVIDES the TONGUE into ANTERIOR (ORAL) and POSTERIOR (PHARYNGEAL) parts
SULCUS TERMINALIS
Anterior - PRESULCAL
Posterior - POSTCULCAL
INTRINSIC MUSCLE FIBRES of TONGUE are arranged in …
which allow great MOBILITY
complex INTERLACING pattern of LONGITUDINAL, TRANSVERSE, VERTICAL and HORIZONTAL FASCICULI (bundle)
TONGUE:
ALL PAPILLAE have TASTE BUDS EXCEPT:
FILIFORM
TONGUE:
what are the VALLATE PAPILLAE like
BLUNT ended,
LARGEST,
8-12 of them,
V-SHAPED,
ANTERIOR to SULCUS TERMINALIS
TONGUE:
what are the FILIFORM PAPILLAE like
SMALL,
CONE-SHAPED PROJECTIONS,
MUCOSAL
(no taste buds)
TONGUE:
what are the FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE like
ROUND, LARGE
(mushroom shaped)
ALONG MARGINS of the tongue
TONGUE:
what are the the FOLIATE PAPILLAE like
LINE FOLDS of MUCOSA,
on SIDES of tongue
TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are the LARGEST
VALLATE
TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are LINE FOLDS of MUCOSA on the SIDES
FOLIATE
TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are ALONG the MARGINS
FUNGIFORM
TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are SMALL PROJECTIONS
FILIFORM
TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are SMALL PROJECTIONS
FILIFORM
TONGUE:
how many VALLATE PAPILLAE
8-12
when SWALLOWING how does the SOFT PALATE move
MOVES UPWARDS/SUPERIORLY
- closes off the Nasopharynx
how does the TONGUE help PUSH BOLUS (Food) Posteriorly
TIP/Anterior part contracts and contacts the Soft Palate
gradually presses more of its Dorsal surface against the Hard Palate
then ROOF of tongue moves slightly ANTERIOR (creating Receptive Space in Oropharynx)
which MUSCLES CONTRACT to RAISE the PHARYNGEAL WALL over the Bolus of food (swallowing)
STYLOPHARYNGEUS
& UPPER PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR Muscles
what happens when the BOLUS reaches the VALLECULAE (what move)
HYOID and LARYNX move SUPERIOR & ANTERIOR
EPIGLOTTIS tipped INFERIORLY
what helps PERISTALSIS
STRIPPING / PERISTALTIC WAVE from posterior Pharyngeal wall going INFERIORLY
What causes the SOFT PALATE to move back INFERIORLY
CONTRACTION of PALATOPHARYNGEUS
and
PRESSURE of Descending PERISTALTIC WAVE (stripping wave)
CONSTRICTION of …. CLOSES the OROPHARYNGEAL CAVITY
UPPER PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS
RELAXATION of … permits ENTRY of Bolus into OESOPHAGUS
CRICOPHARYNGEUS
when swallowing a trickle of food may enter the ..
Laryngeal Aditus (opening)
when the PERISTALTIC WAVE reaches the VALLECULA what happens
PRESSES OUT the last of the bolus
when does the EPIGLOTTIS begin to move BACK SUPERIORLY and the HYOID and LARYNX move back INFERIORLY
as the PERISTALTIC / STRIPPING WAVE Passes the PHARYNX
- then passes into the Oesophagus pushing the bolus down
when does the OESOPHAGEAL PHASE (8-20 seconds) BEGIN
AFTER RELAXTION of the UPPER OESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER as food bolus presses against it
- OPENS and allows bolus to ENTER OESOPHAGUS
TRUE PERISTALSIS is AIDED by..
GRAVITY
in deglutition, when MUSCLES RELAX what happens?
when MUSLCES CONTRACT?
RELAX: OPENS PASSAGEWAY
CONTRACT: Constricts passageway and PUSHES BOLUS down
OESOPHAGUS is a MUSCULAR TUBE of what LENGTH
23-37 CM
OESOPHAGUS has 3 PARTS:
- CERVICAL continuous with Oropharynx
- THORACIC T1-10
- ABDOMINAL (oesophageal hiatus to cardia of stomach)
where are the 3 NORMAL CONSTRICTION points of the OESOPHAGUS and what are they due to
- CERVICAL C5/C6 due to CRICOID CARTILAGE
- THORACIC due to AORTIC ARCH
- ABDOMINAL at the OESOPHAGEAL HIATUS (where passes diaphragm at T10)
OESOPHAGEAL CONSTRICTION in THORACIC area is due to the..
AORTIC ARCH
1ST OESOPHAGEAL CONSTRICTION is where?
due to?
C5/C6
due to CRICOID CARTILAGE
