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Gastrointestinal > 2.2 Anatomy of the Abdomen (HARC) GI TRACT ABOVE DIAPHRAGM > Flashcards

2.2 Anatomy of the Abdomen (HARC) GI TRACT ABOVE DIAPHRAGM Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the ROOF of the MOUTH

A

HARD and SOFT PALATES

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2
Q

FLOOR of the MOUTH:

A

TONGUE

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3
Q

POSTERIOR APERTURE of MOUTH that is the Boundary between the Oral Cavity and the OROPHARYNX

A

OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS

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4
Q

the BORDER between the MOUTH and PHARYNX is MARKED by the … ARCH

A

PALATOGLOSSAL ARCH

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5
Q

CLOSURE of the OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS occurs by which MUSCLE
(keeps food in mouth)

A

PALATOGLOSSUS
- MUSCLE of the SOFT PALATE

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6
Q

the OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS lies between the..
and is Bounded on both sides by the..

A

between SOFT PALATE and DORSUM of the TONGUE

bounded by the PALATOGLOSSAL ARCHES

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7
Q

is which DIRECTIONS do each PALATOGLOSSAL ARCH run

A

DOWNWARDS, LATERALLY, FORWARDS

from SOFT PALATE to the SIDE of the TONGUE

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8
Q

what does PALATOGLOSSAL ARCH consist of

A

PALATOGLOSSUS (muscle)

covering MUCOUS MEMBRANE

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9
Q

PALATOGLOSSAL ARCHES SHUT OFF the mouth from the Oropharynx which is essential for..

A

DEGLUTITION (chewing & swallowing)

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10
Q

what is the name for the small recess/narrowings on the sides of the Laryngeal Inlet (where fishbones may get stuck)

A

PIRIFORM FOSSA

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11
Q

what is the name for the ANTERIOR SUPERIOR portion of the EPIGLOTTIS - small mucosa-lined depression:

A

VALLECULAE

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12
Q

TONGUE is a highly MUSCULAR organ important for..

A

DEGLUTITION, TASTE, SPEECH

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13
Q

TONGUE is ATTACHED by its MUSCLES to the..

A

HYOID BONE,
MANDIBLE,
STYLOID PROCESSES,
SOFT PALATE,
PHARYNGEAL WALL

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14
Q

what is the DORSAL MUCOSA of the TONGUE covered by and what do these do

A

numerous PAPILLAE

  • help INCREASE SURFACE AREA
  • all have TASTE BUDS (except Filiform)
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15
Q

what is the name of the V-SHAPED structure that DIVIDES the TONGUE into ANTERIOR (ORAL) and POSTERIOR (PHARYNGEAL) parts

A

SULCUS TERMINALIS

Anterior - PRESULCAL
Posterior - POSTCULCAL

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16
Q

INTRINSIC MUSCLE FIBRES of TONGUE are arranged in …

which allow great MOBILITY

A

complex INTERLACING pattern of LONGITUDINAL, TRANSVERSE, VERTICAL and HORIZONTAL FASCICULI (bundle)

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17
Q

TONGUE:
ALL PAPILLAE have TASTE BUDS EXCEPT:

A

FILIFORM

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18
Q

TONGUE:
what are the VALLATE PAPILLAE like

A

BLUNT ended,
LARGEST,
8-12 of them,
V-SHAPED,
ANTERIOR to SULCUS TERMINALIS

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19
Q

TONGUE:
what are the FILIFORM PAPILLAE like

A

SMALL,
CONE-SHAPED PROJECTIONS,
MUCOSAL
(no taste buds)

20
Q

TONGUE:
what are the FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE like

A

ROUND, LARGE
(mushroom shaped)
ALONG MARGINS of the tongue

21
Q

TONGUE:
what are the the FOLIATE PAPILLAE like

A

LINE FOLDS of MUCOSA,
on SIDES of tongue

22
Q

TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are the LARGEST

A

VALLATE

23
Q

TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are LINE FOLDS of MUCOSA on the SIDES

A

FOLIATE

24
Q

TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are ALONG the MARGINS

A

FUNGIFORM

25
Q

TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are SMALL PROJECTIONS

A

FILIFORM

26
Q

TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are SMALL PROJECTIONS

A

FILIFORM

27
Q

TONGUE:
how many VALLATE PAPILLAE

A

8-12

28
Q

when SWALLOWING how does the SOFT PALATE move

A

MOVES UPWARDS/SUPERIORLY

  • closes off the Nasopharynx
29
Q

how does the TONGUE help PUSH BOLUS (Food) Posteriorly

A

TIP/Anterior part contracts and contacts the Soft Palate

gradually presses more of its Dorsal surface against the Hard Palate

then ROOF of tongue moves slightly ANTERIOR (creating Receptive Space in Oropharynx)

30
Q

which MUSCLES CONTRACT to RAISE the PHARYNGEAL WALL over the Bolus of food (swallowing)

A

STYLOPHARYNGEUS
& UPPER PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR Muscles

31
Q

what happens when the BOLUS reaches the VALLECULAE (what move)

A

HYOID and LARYNX move SUPERIOR & ANTERIOR

EPIGLOTTIS tipped INFERIORLY

32
Q

what helps PERISTALSIS

A

STRIPPING / PERISTALTIC WAVE from posterior Pharyngeal wall going INFERIORLY

33
Q

What causes the SOFT PALATE to move back INFERIORLY

A

CONTRACTION of PALATOPHARYNGEUS
and
PRESSURE of Descending PERISTALTIC WAVE (stripping wave)

34
Q

CONSTRICTION of …. CLOSES the OROPHARYNGEAL CAVITY

A

UPPER PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS

35
Q

RELAXATION of … permits ENTRY of Bolus into OESOPHAGUS

A

CRICOPHARYNGEUS

36
Q

when swallowing a trickle of food may enter the ..

A

Laryngeal Aditus (opening)

37
Q

when the PERISTALTIC WAVE reaches the VALLECULA what happens

A

PRESSES OUT the last of the bolus

38
Q

when does the EPIGLOTTIS begin to move BACK SUPERIORLY and the HYOID and LARYNX move back INFERIORLY

A

as the PERISTALTIC / STRIPPING WAVE Passes the PHARYNX

  • then passes into the Oesophagus pushing the bolus down
39
Q

when does the OESOPHAGEAL PHASE (8-20 seconds) BEGIN

A

AFTER RELAXTION of the UPPER OESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER as food bolus presses against it

  • OPENS and allows bolus to ENTER OESOPHAGUS
40
Q

TRUE PERISTALSIS is AIDED by..

A

GRAVITY

41
Q

in deglutition, when MUSCLES RELAX what happens?
when MUSLCES CONTRACT?

A

RELAX: OPENS PASSAGEWAY

CONTRACT: Constricts passageway and PUSHES BOLUS down

42
Q

OESOPHAGUS is a MUSCULAR TUBE of what LENGTH

A

23-37 CM

43
Q

OESOPHAGUS has 3 PARTS:

A
  • CERVICAL continuous with Oropharynx
  • THORACIC T1-10
  • ABDOMINAL (oesophageal hiatus to cardia of stomach)
44
Q

where are the 3 NORMAL CONSTRICTION points of the OESOPHAGUS and what are they due to

A
  1. CERVICAL C5/C6 due to CRICOID CARTILAGE
  2. THORACIC due to AORTIC ARCH
  3. ABDOMINAL at the OESOPHAGEAL HIATUS (where passes diaphragm at T10)
45
Q

OESOPHAGEAL CONSTRICTION in THORACIC area is due to the..

A

AORTIC ARCH

46
Q

1ST OESOPHAGEAL CONSTRICTION is where?
due to?

A

C5/C6

due to CRICOID CARTILAGE

Gastrointestinal (19 decks)

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