23. 1 Redox reactions Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 definitions for oxidation and reduction

A

oxidation:
* loss of electrons
* increase in oxidation number
* gain of oxygen
* loss of hydrogen
Reduction
* gain of electrons
* deccrease in oxidation number
* gain of hydrogen
* loss of oxidation

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2
Q

define an oxidising agent

A

accepts electrons from another reactant and is itself reduced

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3
Q

define reducing agent

A

A reducing agent donates electrons to another reactant and is itself oxidised

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4
Q

half equations show …. so that …

A

electrons so that the chanreges on both sides can balance

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5
Q

What is the sum of oxidation numbers?

A

Sum of oxidation numbers = total charge

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6
Q

redox equation/reaction

A

A redox reaction is made up of an oxidation half-reaction and a reduction
half-reaction.

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7
Q

how to write redox equation from half-equation

A
  1. Balane the electrons: multiply each half equation by whatever necissary to have the same number of electrons on both
  2. merge the two and calncel out the electrons
  3. cancel out any species that are on both left and right hand side eg
    16OH -> 6OH becomes 10OH->
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8
Q

how to write and balance an equation from oxidation numbers

A
  1. write a summary overal equation
  2. assign oxidation numbers to identify the atoms that change their oxidation numbers aka the one being reduced and the one being oxidised
  3. balance only the specise being oxidised and reduced by using there change in oxidation number because that should always cancel eg
    S 0 -> +6 change +6
    N +5 -> +4 change -1 so we multiply this by 6
    best way is write them both as half equations and then scale factor and then merge
  4. now balance the reamining species
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9
Q

p

predicting products of redox reactions

A

aqueus redox reactions often form h20
other likley products are oh- and h+

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10
Q

what can we use to balance half equations?

A

e- H2O H+

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11
Q

Redox half equations may need to be balanced by either:

A

Balancing the charges by adding electrons

Adding H+ ions to reduce some oxidising agents (includes the
addition of water)

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12
Q

reduction of Cr +6-> +3 brings about a colour change of

A

orange to green

orange has 6 letters

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13
Q

to balance a half equation first add … then finally balance with …

A

H+ then e-

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