23. 1 Redox reactions Flashcards
what are the 4 definitions for oxidation and reduction
oxidation:
* loss of electrons
* increase in oxidation number
* gain of oxygen
* loss of hydrogen
Reduction
* gain of electrons
* deccrease in oxidation number
* gain of hydrogen
* loss of oxidation
define an oxidising agent
accepts electrons from another reactant and is itself reduced
define reducing agent
A reducing agent donates electrons to another reactant and is itself oxidised
half equations show …. so that …
electrons so that the chanreges on both sides can balance
What is the sum of oxidation numbers?
Sum of oxidation numbers = total charge
redox equation/reaction
A redox reaction is made up of an oxidation half-reaction and a reduction
half-reaction.
how to write redox equation from half-equation
- Balane the electrons: multiply each half equation by whatever necissary to have the same number of electrons on both
- merge the two and calncel out the electrons
- cancel out any species that are on both left and right hand side eg
16OH -> 6OH becomes 10OH->
how to write and balance an equation from oxidation numbers
- write a summary overal equation
- assign oxidation numbers to identify the atoms that change their oxidation numbers aka the one being reduced and the one being oxidised
- balance only the specise being oxidised and reduced by using there change in oxidation number because that should always cancel eg
S 0 -> +6 change +6
N +5 -> +4 change -1 so we multiply this by 6
best way is write them both as half equations and then scale factor and then merge - now balance the reamining species
p
predicting products of redox reactions
aqueus redox reactions often form h20
other likley products are oh- and h+
what can we use to balance half equations?
e- H2O H+
Redox half equations may need to be balanced by either:
Balancing the charges by adding electrons
Adding H+ ions to reduce some oxidising agents (includes the
addition of water)
reduction of Cr +6-> +3 brings about a colour change of
orange to green
orange has 6 letters
to balance a half equation first add … then finally balance with …
H+ then e-