22.1 Natural cloning in plants

Question 1

what is cloning?

Answer 1

reproduction which results in the production of clones which are genetically identical

Question 2

what is a clone?

Answer 2

clones are entities which are genetically identical to both the parent organism and to each other

Question 3

what is vegetative propagation?

Answer 3

production of plant clones from non-productive tissues

asexual reproduction

Question 4

where can a plant clone be propagated from?

Answer 4

stem
leaf
bud
root

Question 5

what does natural plant cloning occur in?

Answer 5

bulbs
runners
rhizomes
stem b
tubers

Question 6

how does cloning occur in bulbs?

Answer 6

buds form internally and then develop into new shoots and then new plants in the next season

Question 7

how does natural plant cloning occur in runners?

Answer 7

a lateral stem grows away from the parent plant and the a root develops where the stem touches the ground
once the new plant develops, the runner withers away

Question 8

how does natural plant cloning occur in rhizomes?

Answer 8

it is a stem which runs underground and swells with food

bud then develops to form new shoots which become independent plants

Question 9

how does natural plant cloning occur in stem tubers?

Answer 9

tip of underground stem swells and stores food to form a storage organ
buds develop from this storage organ to produce new shoots

Question 10

why is natural plant cloning exploited by farmers and gardeners?

Answer 10

to produce new plants

Question 11

how is a cutting from a plant taken?

Answer 11

short section of the stem is taken

leaves are removed (except for one)

dip lower end of cutting into rooting powder which induces root formation

plant cutting into a pot containing a growth medium

put cutting into a propagator which provides a moist growing environment

allow cutting to grow and then transfer to planting location

Question 12

what is grafting?

Answer 12

joining of the shoot of one plant to the growing stem and root of another

Question 13

advs of propagation from cuttings instead of using seeds

Answer 13

• it is faster
• guarantees plant quality
• genetically identical crop

Question 14

disv of propagation from cuttings instead of using seeds

Answer 14

less genetic variation
therefore a population will be more at risk from a disease or change in climate

Question 15

what type of reproduction occurs with seeds?

Answer 15

sexual reproduction
- slower
- genetic variation
- seasonal dependent