22.1 Natural cloning in plants Flashcards

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1
Q

what is cloning?

A

reproduction which results in the production of clones which are genetically identical

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2
Q

what is a clone?

A

clones are entities which are genetically identical to both the parent organism and to each other

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3
Q

what is vegetative propagation?

A

production of plant clones from non-productive tissues

asexual reproduction

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4
Q

where can a plant clone be propagated from?

A

stem
leaf
bud
root

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5
Q

what does natural plant cloning occur in?

A

bulbs
runners
rhizomes
stem b
tubers

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6
Q

how does cloning occur in bulbs?

A

buds form internally and then develop into new shoots and then new plants in the next season

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7
Q

how does natural plant cloning occur in runners?

A

a lateral stem grows away from the parent plant and the a root develops where the stem touches the ground
once the new plant develops, the runner withers away

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8
Q

how does natural plant cloning occur in rhizomes?

A

it is a stem which runs underground and swells with food

bud then develops to form new shoots which become independent plants

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9
Q

how does natural plant cloning occur in stem tubers?

A

tip of underground stem swells and stores food to form a storage organ
buds develop from this storage organ to produce new shoots

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10
Q

why is natural plant cloning exploited by farmers and gardeners?

A

to produce new plants

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11
Q

how is a cutting from a plant taken?

A

short section of the stem is taken

leaves are removed (except for one)

dip lower end of cutting into rooting powder which induces root formation

plant cutting into a pot containing a growth medium

put cutting into a propagator which provides a moist growing environment

allow cutting to grow and then transfer to planting location

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12
Q

what is grafting?

A

joining of the shoot of one plant to the growing stem and root of another

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13
Q

advs of propagation from cuttings instead of using seeds

A
  • it is faster
  • guarantees plant quality
  • genetically identical crop
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14
Q

disv of propagation from cuttings instead of using seeds

A

less genetic variation
therefore a population will be more at risk from a disease or change in climate

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15
Q

what type of reproduction occurs with seeds?

A

sexual reproduction
- slower
- genetic variation
- seasonal dependent

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