20.1 Variation and inheritance

Question 1

what is a phenotype?

Answer 1

the characteristics an organism displays

Question 2

what is an allele?

Answer 2

type of gene

Question 3

alleles on a pair of chromosomes

Answer 3

Question 4

what is the genotype?

Answer 4

the genetic makeup of an organism
OR
combination of alleles an organism inherits

Question 5

what is polygenic?

Answer 5

when a characteristic is determined by many genes

Question 6

what is monogenic?

Answer 6

when a characteristic is determined by a single gene

Question 7

what variation is polygenic?

Answer 7

continuous

Question 8

what variation is monogenic?

Answer 8

discontinuous

Question 9

what is continuous variation?

Answer 9

quantitative data which is measured
controlled by BOTH genes and the environment

has no distinct groups

Question 10

what is discontinuous variation?

Answer 10

qualitative data which is grouped
controlled ONLY by genes

has two or more distinct categories

Question 11

what are 2 examples of environmental factors causing variation?

Answer 11

etiolation
chlorosis

Question 12

what is etiolation?

Answer 12

when a plant grows abnormally due to not enough light

Question 13

what is chlorosis?

Answer 13

when plants dont produce enough chlorophyll due to a lack of magnesium

Question 14

what is the dominant allele?

Answer 14

version of a gene which will always be expressed if present

Question 15

what is the recessive allele?

Answer 15

version of a gene which can only be expressed if 2 copies are present

Question 16

what is homozygous?

Answer 16

they have 2 identical alleles for a characteristic

Question 17

what is heterozygous?

Answer 17

they have 2 different alleles for a characteristic