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MTAP 1 Para > 2.2.1 Helminths (Nematodes, Ascaris-Trichuris-Enterobius) > Flashcards

2.2.1 Helminths (Nematodes, Ascaris-Trichuris-Enterobius) Flashcards

1
Q

A giant round word that is also known as the “disease of the poverty”

A

Ascarius lumbricoides

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2
Q

A. lumbricoides is the most common intestinal nematode of man (Reported)

T or F

A

T

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3
Q

A. lumbricoides possess 3 conspicuous lips:

TRILOBATE
- ___ Dorsal
- ___ Ventral

A

1 Dorsal
2 Ventral

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4
Q

A. lumbricoides:
Has albuminous coverin that can be lost in “decorticated eggs”

Thick transparent hyaline shell with vitelline, lipoidal inner membrane

  • Fertile egg
  • Infertile egg
A

Fertile egg

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5
Q

A. lumbricoides:
Thin shell
Irrgeluar mammilated coating filled refractile granules

  • Fertile egg
  • Infertile egg
A

infertile egg

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6
Q

What is the infective stage for A lumbricoides?

A

Fully embryonated egg

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7
Q

A. lumbricoides:

Female worm only: Produce infertile egg

Male worm only: No egg

T or F

A

T

This is the reason why there is no egg in feces

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8
Q

A. lumbricoides Life cycle:

Soil containing embryonated egg is ingested. This then develops in the intestinal wall and turns into ________ to PENETRATE the intestinal wall.

A

Larvae

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9
Q

A. lumbricoides Life cycle:

After penetrating the wall, the larvae enters the vein to the ______, which further goes to the _______ of lungs and the larvae undergo molting.

A

Liver, Airsac

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10
Q

A. lumbricoides Life cycle:

After molting of larvae, the person will cough up the larvae to the ________ and be swallowed again to the GI tract and continuos to develop in the _____________

A

Larynx/Pharynx

Small intestine

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11
Q

Unfertilized egg is seen in the microscope and is suspected to be A. lumbricoides, Does this indicate both female and male? or female only?

A

Female only

Unfertilized egg can’t be fertilized without male SO if there is FERTILIZED egg in the specimen, this indicates both male and female worm

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12
Q

Diagnostic stage for A. lumbricoides?

A

Fertilized and unfertilized egg

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13
Q

If A. lumbricoides is in the sputum, what is the stage?

A

Larva

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14
Q

Host for A. lumbricoides

A

Human and Swine

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15
Q

Most common human helminthic infection globally

A

Ascariasis

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16
Q

A. lumbricoides

Also known as Nakamura sign

A

Bowel obstruction

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17
Q

Ascaris pneumonitis is also known as

A

Loeffler syndrome

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18
Q

A. lumbricoides:

Migrating worms may cause symptoms occlusion of the biliary tract, appendicitis or nasopharyngeal expulsion particularly in infection involving single _______ worm

A

Female

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19
Q

Nakamura sign is due to Adult Ascaris

T or F

A

T

Adult worms obstruct Intestine and absorbs nutrients

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20
Q

Lab diagnosis A. lumbricoides:

Direct Fecal smear
Kato technique (egg)
Concentration technique (Egg)

Which among the following does not belong

A

None

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21
Q

This is also known as WHIP worm

A

Trichuris trichuria

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22
Q

Trichuris trichuria is the ___ most common nematode found in humans, behind Ascaris

A

2nd

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23
Q

T. trichuria

Arrangement of somatic muscles in cross section where the cells are small

a. Hologram
b. Holomyurian
c. Holofurian
d. Holomydurian

A

b. Holomyurian

24
Q

T. trichuria

Adult:
_______- bluntly rounded posterior end

Coiled posterior with single spicule and retractile sheath. ____ anterior portion _____ Poster portion

A

Female

Thin anterior (face)

Thick Posterior (Tail)

25
Q

Trichuris Trichuria:

_______ shaped/Lemon shaped/Football shaped, ___________ lantern bile stained with ______ mucoid plugs

A

Barrel, Japanese, Bipolar

26
Q

Trichuris trichuria

Egg are more susceptible to _______

A

Desiccation (Dry)

27
Q

Trichuris trichuria Life cycle:

The ___________ egg develop in SOIL which then develop in to __-cell stage and it will create advanced cleavage.

A

Unembryonated egg, 2-cell stage

28
Q

Trichuris trichuria Life cycle:

After the development of advanced cleavage, this will turn into ____________ egg. If upon ingestion, this egg develops in the ___________________ to become and adult

A

Embryonated, Large intestine

29
Q

In Trichuris trichuria, what is being develop in the soil?

A

Unembryonated egg

30
Q

Since Trichuris trichuria develops in Large intestine, this weakens the muscle that holds the Large intestine and if the patient force body to defecate, it may lead to ____________

A

Rectal prolapse

JUST REMEMBER THAT Trichuris trichuria develop in the LARGE INTESTInE (ET)

31
Q

Trichuriasis causes invasion of intestinal tissue

T or F

32
Q

Whipworm infection

A

Trichuriasis

33
Q

Trichuriasis causes severe anemia

T or F

A

T

Due to chronic blood loss from the destruction of large intestine caused by the worm

34
Q

Lab Dx of T. trichuria includes:

  • DFA
  • Kato technique
  • Concentration technique

Which of the following does not belong

A

Concentration technique

35
Q

Also known as Pinworm / Seatworm / SOCIETY worm

A

Enterobius vermicularis

36
Q

Most common helminth infection in the world that is unrecorded

A

Enterobius vermicularis

37
Q

E. vermicularis:

______ die after copulation
______ die after oviposition

A

Male

Female

38
Q

E. vermicularis can infect those who are within the ______

39
Q

E. vermicularis Morphology:

Adult worm: small, spindle-shaped whitish or brownish in color

T or F

40
Q

E. vermicularis Morphology:

Adult worm has a pair of lateral articular expansion known as “________” or “________” on the ________ part

A

Lateral wings or Cephalic alae

Anterior

41
Q

E. vermicularis Morphology:

Has a prominent _______ esophageal bulb, flask shaped esophagus

42
Q

E. vermicularis Morphology:

Ova of this parasite has a _-shaped ova

43
Q

E. vermicularis Morphology:

Ova is elongated,_______ on the ventral side with larva inside

44
Q

E. vermicularis Morphology:

This ova has ___ layer of egg shell which are ________ and ________

A

2,

Albuminous layer
Lipoidal layer

45
Q

E. vermicularis Morphology:

MOT of egg

46
Q

What parasite that can infect on the boarding house?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

Enterobius egg is AEROSOL transmitted

47
Q

Enterobius vermicularis Life cycle:

Eggs on perianal that is embryonated is ingested by human (Oral fecal route). The larvae hatch in the ______ intestine.

48
Q

Enterobius vermicularis Life cycle:

Once the larvae hatch, it will develop and migrates to the _________ (Large intestine ). The Female migratest to thee ________ region at NIGHT to lay eggs

A

lumen or cecum

Perianal region

49
Q

Enterobius egg is Prominent on feces

T or F

A

F

Rarely seen (Absent if walang rarely)

50
Q

E. vermicularis is________ wherein there is an intense itchiness on the perianal region that may transfer to your hand and chances are may transfer to your mouth.

A

self limiting

51
Q

E. vermicularis may causes secondary bacterial infection due to intense itch

T or F

52
Q

Source of E. vermicularis?

53
Q

E. vermicularis Dx:

Dx is confirmed by finding worms or eggs on _______________ examination

A

microscopic

54
Q

E. vermicularis:

Adult worms may be seen in the perianal region

T or F

55
Q

How do you get specimen in perianal region for E. vermicularis?

A

Graham scotch tape swab

56
Q

E. vermicularis usually seein in unhygenic person

T or F

MTAP 1 Para (21 decks)

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