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MTAP 1 Para > 1.6.1 Protozoan (Sporozoan, PLASMODIUM) > Flashcards

1.6.1 Protozoan (Sporozoan, PLASMODIUM) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the members of sporozoans?

A

Plamsmodium
Babesia
Coccidia
Isospora hominis and belli
Cryptosporidium parvum
Pneumocystitis jiroveci
Taxoplasma gondii

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2
Q

All Sporozoans are non motile

T or F

A

T

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3
Q

For Plasmodium spp., they are known to be _________ intracellular parasite

A

Obligate

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4
Q

What is the vector for Plasmodium spp?

A

Mosquito (Anopheles flavirotris minimus)

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5
Q

Congenital malaria are rare when it comes to Plasmodium

T or F

A

T

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6
Q

Plasmodium can be sexually transmitted

T or F

A

F

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7
Q

Anopheles transfers the infective stage of the parasite known as _________ from its salivary gland in to the human

A

Sporozoite

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8
Q

Sporozoites enters the bloodstream and infects ___________ of the liver

A

Parenchymal cell

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9
Q

When a sporozoite infects a parenchymal cell, this then matures in to ______

A

Schizont

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10
Q

When the schizont is fully mature, this then burst and releases ________ in to the blood stream to infect _________

A

Merozoites, RBC

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11
Q

Merozoites infects RBCs which then forms a ________ appearance

A

Ringlike

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12
Q

Upon forming ringlike formation, there are 2 pathways, 1st is to Reproduce itself into ________ which creates more merozoites, while the 2nd is it turns into _________ which will later be taken by mosquito to reproduce into sporozoites

A

Schizont, Gametocytes

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13
Q

The Developing trophozoite has a non-pigmented which primarily has a _______ color that was resulted from eaten hemoglobin by P. falciparum

T or f

A

F (Pigmented)

Brown

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14
Q

Immature schizont has an active chromatin replication that can b eseen

T or F

A

T

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15
Q

Mature schizont has a full develop stage of the sexual sporozoa trophozoite known as merozoite

T or F

A

F

Asexual

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16
Q

Microgametocyte has a roundish in shape except for __________ that has Cresent shape

A

P. falciparum

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17
Q

Macrogametocyte has ______ to _______ except for P. falciparum that has cresent shape

A

Round to Oval

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18
Q

Ring trophozoite: HEADPHONES configuration (1 or 2 chromatin dots)

A

P. falciparum

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19
Q

Ring trophozoite: Occupy 1/6 of RBC

A

P. malariae

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20
Q

Ring trophozoite: Cytoplasmic Ring that covers 1/3 of the RBC diameter

SINGLE CHORMATIN dot

A

P. vivax

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21
Q

Ring trophozoite: Similar to P. vivax but larger and thicker rings

A

P. ovale

The “O” in ovale is larger and thick

afsdkjhasdlfjsldf

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22
Q

Developing trophozoite:

MAINTAINS its Ring form

A

P. ovale

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23
Q

Developing trophozoite:

Irregular ameboid with brown pigment

A

P. vivax

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24
Q

Developing trophozoite:

Nonameboid oval, band, or BAR SHAPE solid cytoplasm

A

P. malariae

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25
Q

Developing trophozoite:

Heavy cytoplasmic Ring

A

P. falciparum

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26
Q

Immature Schizont:

Clumps of brown pigment

A

P. vivax

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27
Q

Immature Schizont:

Similar to P. vivax, only smaller

A

P. malariae

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28
Q

Immature Schizont:

Progressive dividing chromatin

A

P. ovale

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29
Q

Immature Schizont:

Multiple chromatin Bodies

A

P. falciparum

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30
Q

Mature schizont:

Merozoites (8-36)

A

P. falciparum

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31
Q

What is usually the average number of merozoites in P. falciparum

A

24

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32
Q

How many merozoites in P. malariae?

A

6-12

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33
Q

How many merozoites in P. vivax

A

12-24

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34
Q

How many merozoites in P. ovale

A

8

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35
Q

Mature merozoites:

6-12 merozoites arrange in Rosette formation

A

P. malariae

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36
Q

In P. ovale, the Mature schizone opccupies ____ of RBCs and 8 merozoites are arrange in _______

A

75%, Rosette

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37
Q

Shape of Micro/macrogametocyte for P. falciparum

A

Sausage / Cresent shape

38
Q

Microgametocyte: Dispersed central chromatin and compact chromatin

A

P. falciparum

39
Q

_________ dot: Comma-shape in P. falciparum

A

Mauerer

40
Q

Micro/Macrogametocyte:

ZIEMAN’s DOT: _____ like

What Plasmodium spp is this?

A

Dust like

Plasmodium malariae

41
Q

Micro/Macrogametocyte:

Micro: Large pink to purple chromatin mass surrounded by colorless to pale halo

Macro: Rountd to oval cytoplasm, eccentric nucleus

A

P. vivax

42
Q

Micro/Macrogametocyte:

SCHUFFNER’S dot in all forms

A

P. vivax

43
Q

Micro/Macrogametocyte:

JOMES’ dot in ALL forms

A

P. ovale

44
Q

What Spp/s of Plasmodium have similar characteristics to P. vivax?

A

P. malariae

P. ovale

45
Q

A Dormant stage/Sleeping form can persist in the liver if untreated and cause RELAPSE by invading the bloodstream for weeks, or even years

A

Hypnozoites

46
Q

Merozoitestarget age and size specific RBCs

T or F

A

T

47
Q

On formation of the merozoites which path does not belong:

  1. Target and infect new RBCs then cycle repeats
  2. Infects RBCs and develops into gametocytes
  3. Destroyed by the immune system of an otherwise healthy individual
A

none

48
Q

Merozoite and toxic waste products produce the first clinical symptoms which is?

A

Paroxysym

49
Q

Paroxysym is an _________ reaction to developing schizonts, parasitic antigen and release of merozoites

A

Allergic

50
Q

Paroxysym:

Chills/Rigor for _______ minutes or longer, followed by _______ hours or more of a fever

A

10-15 mins

2-6 hours

51
Q

Paroxysym:

As the fever subsides and returns to normal, the patient experiences profuse ______ and extreme ______

A

Sweating, fatigue

52
Q

Anemia, CNS involvement and Nephrotic syndrome may occur in all Plasmodium infections

T or F

A

T

53
Q

Plasmodium can mimic other disease

T or F

A

T

54
Q

Plasmodium can cause Poikilocytosis in cells causing changes in _____ and anisocytosis causing increase in ________

A

Shape

Size

55
Q

Malarial resistance in the body includes:

_______ deficiency (Enzyme)

Hb S, C, and E

________ssemia

A

G6pD

Thalassemia
- Plasmodium requires hemoglobin which causes the brown pigment during development and since the patient does not have hemoglobin the the parasite may die in the body

56
Q

Malaria Resistancy

________ negative for P. vivax

A

Duffy

57
Q

Malaria Resistancy

________ negative for P. falciparum

A

MN

58
Q

Infected RBCs: OLD and NEW

A

P. falciparum

59
Q

Infected RBCs: OLD

A

P. malariae

60
Q

Infected RBCs: NEW

A

P. vivax and ovale

61
Q

RBC appearance:

No distortion
Normal size

A

P. falciparum and malariae

62
Q

RBC appearance

Enlarged
Distorted

A

P. vivax

63
Q

RBC appearance

Enlarged
Distorted with RAGGED walls

A

P. ovale

64
Q

Malaria:

Black water Fever

A

P. falciparum

65
Q

Malaria:

Malignant tertian

A

P. falciparum

66
Q

In black water fever, there is an increase in _________ which may cause _________ failure

A

Hemoglobin, kidney

67
Q

P. falciparum

Due to Increase in hemoglobin, the Oxygen in the brain ________

A

Decreases

68
Q

P. falciparum:

damage in liver may result to vomiting of bile

T or F

A

T

69
Q

How many hrs for malignant tertian?

A

36-48 hrs

70
Q

Quartan malaria

  • Malarial malaria
  • Flulike symptoms
  • spontaneous recovery
  • NO RELAPSE
A

P. malariae

71
Q

How many hours for Quartan malaria?

A

72 hrs

72
Q

Benign tertian
- Flulike s/s
- Photophobia
- Chronic (brain, liver, kidney)
- may infect for SEVERAL YEARS

A

P. vivax

73
Q

How many hrs for Benign teritain

A

48 hrs

74
Q

Simiar to P. vivax (Benign tertian)
- infects for 1YEAR

A

p. ovale

75
Q

Recrudescence due to very low of parasitemia can lead to false assumption that patient is negative for malaria

What Plasmodium spp is this?

A

Plasmodium falciparum and malariae

76
Q

Relapse when merozoites become dormant in liver

What plasmodium is this?

A

Plasmodium vivax and ovale

77
Q

The LEAST number of parasties is present in the blood in between characteristic bouts of fever and chills

T or F

A

F

GREATEST

78
Q

Timing of Cyclic Paroxysms

for P. vivax and P. ovale

A

48 hrs

79
Q

Timing of Cyclic Paroxysms

for P. malariae

A

72 hrs

80
Q

Timing of Cyclic Paroxysms

for P. falciparum

A

36-48 hrs

81
Q

Blood should be collected every _________ hrs for up to 48 hrs before considering a patient to be fee of Plasmodium spp.

A

6-12

82
Q

Stain for Plasmodium

A

Giemsa

83
Q

Screening for Plasmodium

A

Thin smear

84
Q

SPECIATION for Plasmodium

A

Thick smear

85
Q

Objective lens use for Plasmodium

A

OIO

86
Q

Mixed Plasmodium is usually vivax and falciparum

T or F

A

T

87
Q

Serologic and PCR are very helpful in regard to the actual treatment of malarial infection

T or F

A

F

Not helpful

88
Q

Also known as Monkey malaria

A

P. knowlesi

89
Q

P. knowlesi is once thought to solely a parasit of ___ world Monkeys

A

Old

90
Q

P. knowlesi has been recently identified in human suffering from malaria in Malaysia and other parts of SEA

T or F

A

T

91
Q

P. knowlesi morphologically resembles __________ to the extent that there is documented evidence that misdiagnosis by microscopic methods occur

A

P. malariae

MTAP 1 Para (21 decks)

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