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MTAP 1 Para > 1.6.1 Protozoan (Sporozoan, PLASMODIUM) > Flashcards

1.6.1 Protozoan (Sporozoan, PLASMODIUM) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the members of sporozoans?

A

Plamsmodium
Babesia
Coccidia
Isospora hominis and belli
Cryptosporidium parvum
Pneumocystitis jiroveci
Taxoplasma gondii

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2
Q

All Sporozoans are non motile

T or F

A

T

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3
Q

For Plasmodium spp., they are known to be _________ intracellular parasite

A

Obligate

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4
Q

What is the vector for Plasmodium spp?

A

Mosquito (Anopheles flavirotris minimus)

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5
Q

Congenital malaria are rare when it comes to Plasmodium

T or F

A

T

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6
Q

Plasmodium can be sexually transmitted

T or F

A

F

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7
Q

Anopheles transfers the infective stage of the parasite known as _________ from its salivary gland in to the human

A

Sporozoite

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8
Q

Sporozoites enters the bloodstream and infects ___________ of the liver

A

Parenchymal cell

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9
Q

When a sporozoite infects a parenchymal cell, this then matures in to ______

A

Schizont

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10
Q

When the schizont is fully mature, this then burst and releases ________ in to the blood stream to infect _________

A

Merozoites, RBC

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11
Q

Merozoites infects RBCs which then forms a ________ appearance

A

Ringlike

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12
Q

Upon forming ringlike formation, there are 2 pathways, 1st is to Reproduce itself into ________ which creates more merozoites, while the 2nd is it turns into _________ which will later be taken by mosquito to reproduce into sporozoites

A

Schizont, Gametocytes

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13
Q

The Developing trophozoite has a non-pigmented which primarily has a _______ color that was resulted from eaten hemoglobin by P. falciparum

T or f

A

F (Pigmented)

Brown

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14
Q

Immature schizont has an active chromatin replication that can b eseen

T or F

A

T

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15
Q

Mature schizont has a full develop stage of the sexual sporozoa trophozoite known as merozoite

T or F

A

F

Asexual

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16
Q

Microgametocyte has a roundish in shape except for __________ that has Cresent shape

A

P. falciparum

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17
Q

Macrogametocyte has ______ to _______ except for P. falciparum that has cresent shape

A

Round to Oval

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18
Q

Ring trophozoite: HEADPHONES configuration (1 or 2 chromatin dots)

A

P. falciparum

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19
Q

Ring trophozoite: Occupy 1/6 of RBC

A

P. malariae

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20
Q

Ring trophozoite: Cytoplasmic Ring that covers 1/3 of the RBC diameter

SINGLE CHORMATIN dot

A

P. vivax

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21
Q

Ring trophozoite: Similar to P. vivax but larger and thicker rings

A

P. ovale

The “O” in ovale is larger and thick

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22
Q

Developing trophozoite:

MAINTAINS its Ring form

A

P. ovale

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23
Q

Developing trophozoite:

Irregular ameboid with brown pigment

A

P. vivax

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24
Q

Developing trophozoite:

Nonameboid oval, band, or BAR SHAPE solid cytoplasm

A

P. malariae

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25
Developing trophozoite: Heavy cytoplasmic Ring
P. falciparum
26
Immature Schizont: Clumps of brown pigment
P. vivax
27
Immature Schizont: Similar to P. vivax, only smaller
P. malariae
28
Immature Schizont: Progressive dividing chromatin
P. ovale
29
Immature Schizont: Multiple chromatin Bodies
P. falciparum
30
Mature schizont: Merozoites (8-36)
P. falciparum
31
What is usually the average number of merozoites in P. falciparum
24
32
How many merozoites in P. malariae?
6-12
33
How many merozoites in P. vivax
12-24
34
How many merozoites in P. ovale
8
35
Mature merozoites: 6-12 merozoites arrange in Rosette formation
P. malariae
36
In P. ovale, the Mature schizone opccupies ____ of RBCs and 8 merozoites are arrange in _______
75%, Rosette
37
Shape of Micro/macrogametocyte for P. falciparum
Sausage / Cresent shape
38
Microgametocyte: Dispersed central chromatin and compact chromatin
P. falciparum
39
_________ dot: Comma-shape in P. falciparum
Mauerer
40
Micro/Macrogametocyte: ZIEMAN's DOT: _____ like What Plasmodium spp is this?
Dust like Plasmodium malariae
41
Micro/Macrogametocyte: Micro: Large pink to purple chromatin mass surrounded by colorless to pale halo Macro: Rountd to oval cytoplasm, eccentric nucleus
P. vivax
42
Micro/Macrogametocyte: SCHUFFNER'S dot in all forms
P. vivax
43
Micro/Macrogametocyte: JOMES' dot in ALL forms
P. ovale
44
What Spp/s of Plasmodium have similar characteristics to P. vivax?
P. malariae P. ovale
45
A Dormant stage/Sleeping form can persist in the liver if untreated and cause RELAPSE by invading the bloodstream for weeks, or even years
Hypnozoites
46
Merozoitestarget age and size specific RBCs T or F
T
47
On formation of the merozoites which path does not belong: 1. Target and infect new RBCs then cycle repeats 2. Infects RBCs and develops into gametocytes 3. Destroyed by the immune system of an otherwise healthy individual
none
48
Merozoite and toxic waste products produce the first clinical symptoms which is?
Paroxysym
49
Paroxysym is an _________ reaction to developing schizonts, parasitic antigen and release of merozoites
Allergic
50
Paroxysym: Chills/Rigor for _______ minutes or longer, followed by _______ hours or more of a fever
10-15 mins 2-6 hours
51
Paroxysym: As the fever subsides and returns to normal, the patient experiences profuse ______ and extreme ______
Sweating, fatigue
52
Anemia, CNS involvement and Nephrotic syndrome may occur in all Plasmodium infections T or F
T
53
Plasmodium can mimic other disease T or F
T
54
Plasmodium can cause Poikilocytosis in cells causing changes in _____ and anisocytosis causing increase in ________
Shape Size
55
Malarial resistance in the body includes: _______ deficiency (Enzyme) Hb S, C, and E ________ssemia
G6pD Thalassemia - Plasmodium requires hemoglobin which causes the brown pigment during development and since the patient does not have hemoglobin the the parasite may die in the body
56
Malaria Resistancy ________ negative for P. vivax
Duffy
57
Malaria Resistancy ________ negative for P. falciparum
MN
58
Infected RBCs: OLD and NEW
P. falciparum
59
Infected RBCs: OLD
P. malariae
60
Infected RBCs: NEW
P. vivax and ovale
61
RBC appearance: No distortion Normal size
P. falciparum and malariae
62
RBC appearance Enlarged Distorted
P. vivax
63
RBC appearance Enlarged Distorted with RAGGED walls
P. ovale
64
Malaria: Black water Fever
P. falciparum
65
Malaria: Malignant tertian
P. falciparum
66
In black water fever, there is an increase in _________ which may cause _________ failure
Hemoglobin, kidney
67
P. falciparum Due to Increase in hemoglobin, the Oxygen in the brain ________
Decreases
68
P. falciparum: damage in liver may result to vomiting of bile T or F
T
69
How many hrs for malignant tertian?
36-48 hrs
70
Quartan malaria - Malarial malaria - Flulike symptoms - spontaneous recovery - NO RELAPSE
P. malariae
71
How many hours for Quartan malaria?
72 hrs
72
Benign tertian - Flulike s/s - Photophobia - Chronic (brain, liver, kidney) - may infect for SEVERAL YEARS
P. vivax
73
How many hrs for Benign teritain
48 hrs
74
Simiar to P. vivax (Benign tertian) - infects for 1YEAR
p. ovale
75
Recrudescence due to very low of parasitemia can lead to false assumption that patient is negative for malaria What Plasmodium spp is this?
Plasmodium falciparum and malariae
76
Relapse when merozoites become dormant in liver What plasmodium is this?
Plasmodium vivax and ovale
77
The LEAST number of parasties is present in the blood in between characteristic bouts of fever and chills T or F
F GREATEST
78
Timing of Cyclic Paroxysms for P. vivax and P. ovale
48 hrs
79
Timing of Cyclic Paroxysms for P. malariae
72 hrs
80
Timing of Cyclic Paroxysms for P. falciparum
36-48 hrs
81
Blood should be collected every _________ hrs for up to 48 hrs before considering a patient to be fee of Plasmodium spp.
6-12
82
Stain for Plasmodium
Giemsa
83
Screening for Plasmodium
Thin smear
84
SPECIATION for Plasmodium
Thick smear
85
Objective lens use for Plasmodium
OIO
86
Mixed Plasmodium is usually vivax and falciparum T or F
T
87
Serologic and PCR are very helpful in regard to the actual treatment of malarial infection T or F
F Not helpful
88
Also known as Monkey malaria
P. knowlesi
89
P. knowlesi is once thought to solely a parasit of ___ world Monkeys
Old
90
P. knowlesi has been recently identified in human suffering from malaria in Malaysia and other parts of SEA T or F
T
91
P. knowlesi morphologically resembles __________ to the extent that there is documented evidence that misdiagnosis by microscopic methods occur
P. malariae

MTAP 1 Para (21 decks)

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