220b male histo Flashcards
flow of sperm
epididymis - ductus deferens - ejaculatory duct in prostate - urethra (SEVEN-UP)
testis - histo
seminiferous tubules
outside - tunica albuginea
ct septa divide into lobules w/ 2-4 seminiferous tubules
testis development
interior - seminiferous tubules –> straight tubules –> rete testis in mediastinum
outside: efferent ductules –> epididymis –> ductus deferens
testis development
early gonadal ridge has primary sex cords –> seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testis (interior)
mesonephric duct –> efferent ductules, epididymis
spermatogonia from hindgut migrate into primary sex cords
supporting cells
sertoli cells - perimeter of tubules
leydig cells - in stroma outside of tubules, produce T
sperm maturation
spermatogonia (basal lamina) –> spermatocytes –> spermatids (lumen) –> sperm
sertoli cell functions
blood-testis barrier - maturation of sperm
ABP (androgen binding protein)
AMH
peritubular cells (myeloid) - location and fxn
outside basal lamina
contracle
make fibers
spermatogenesis phases and type of division; are all tubules in the same phase?
spermatogonia (mitosis) - increasing cell numbers
spermatocyte (meiosis) - making gametes
spermatid (changing to sperm)
spermiation - release of sperm into lumen; determines how many sperm are in the ejaculate
no - different tubules are in different phases
spermatid change to sperm - morphological changes?
acrosome - vesicle of digestive enzymes for fertilization; surrounds nucleus
axoneme mt doublets (9+2) for motion
sheath of mitochondria - wraps the axoneme for E
ductus epididymis
principle cells have stereocilia (long microvilli) with basal stem cells
sperm are non-motile at spermination, acquire motility (capacitation) in the epididymis (increased cAMP, Ca, phosphorylation eventS)
12 days for sperm to pass
stored in tail of epididymis until ejaculation
spermatic cord
thick ductus deferens plexus of pampiniform veins that regulate heat of testis (forms testis vein)
ductus deferens
pseudostratified columnar epi w/ stereocilia
muscle layers - inner and outside longitudinal, middle circular
prostate around ejaculatory duct
central zone (no cancer or benign masses)
also peripheral zone (where PC occurs)
around urethra - periurethral/transitional zone (BPH area)
semen contect
most from seminal vesicles (70%)
prostate (20%)
sperm 10%
bulbourethral gland in UG sinus of deep perineal pouch
1st step
contracts, librication
ductus deferents
2nd step
contracts to move sperm to prostatic urethra under sympathetic control (emission)
prostate gland
3rd step
contract, secretion liquefies semen in female repro tract
seminal vesicles
4th step
contracts, adds fructose for nourishment, adds bulk to ejeculate
bulbospongiosus muscle
5th step
powerful contraction to ejeculate sperm
capacitation
occurs in female
ability to fertilize an ovum
glycoproteins are removed from head of sperm
acrosome reaction
release of acrosome hyaluronidase and proteases in zona pellucida – sperm penetrates
other sperm blocked via depolarization of ovum membrane (fast block) and then hardening of the zona pellucida from ovum cortical reaction (slow block)
cortical reaction
hardening of the zona pellucida - blocks sperm entry as slow block
PSA
protease
marker for PC
normally doesn’t enter blood except when produced in very large amounts
penis cross section
2 x corpus cavernosum w/ 2 x deep arteries –> erection
1 x corpus spongiosum w/ urethra on ventral side
