220b male histo

Question 1

flow of sperm

Answer 1

epididymis - ductus deferens - ejaculatory duct in prostate - urethra (SEVEN-UP)

Question 2

testis - histo

Answer 2

seminiferous tubules

outside - tunica albuginea
ct septa divide into lobules w/ 2-4 seminiferous tubules

Question 3

testis development

Answer 3

interior - seminiferous tubules –> straight tubules –> rete testis in mediastinum

outside: efferent ductules –> epididymis –> ductus deferens

Question 4

testis development

Answer 4

early gonadal ridge has primary sex cords –> seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testis (interior)

mesonephric duct –> efferent ductules, epididymis

spermatogonia from hindgut migrate into primary sex cords

Question 5

supporting cells

Answer 5

sertoli cells - perimeter of tubules

leydig cells - in stroma outside of tubules, produce T

Question 6

sperm maturation

Answer 6

spermatogonia (basal lamina) –> spermatocytes –> spermatids (lumen) –> sperm

Question 7

sertoli cell functions

Answer 7

blood-testis barrier - maturation of sperm
ABP (androgen binding protein)
AMH

Question 8

peritubular cells (myeloid) - location and fxn

Answer 8

outside basal lamina
contracle
make fibers

Question 9

spermatogenesis phases and type of division; are all tubules in the same phase?

Answer 9

spermatogonia (mitosis) - increasing cell numbers
spermatocyte (meiosis) - making gametes
spermatid (changing to sperm)
spermiation - release of sperm into lumen; determines how many sperm are in the ejaculate

no - different tubules are in different phases

Question 10

spermatid change to sperm - morphological changes?

Answer 10

acrosome - vesicle of digestive enzymes for fertilization; surrounds nucleus

axoneme mt doublets (9+2) for motion

sheath of mitochondria - wraps the axoneme for E

Question 11

ductus epididymis

Answer 11

principle cells have stereocilia (long microvilli) with basal stem cells

sperm are non-motile at spermination, acquire motility (capacitation) in the epididymis (increased cAMP, Ca, phosphorylation eventS)

12 days for sperm to pass

stored in tail of epididymis until ejaculation

Question 12

spermatic cord

Answer 12

thick ductus deferens plexus of pampiniform veins that regulate heat of testis (forms testis vein)

Question 13

ductus deferens

Answer 13

pseudostratified columnar epi w/ stereocilia

muscle layers - inner and outside longitudinal, middle circular

Question 14

prostate around ejaculatory duct

Answer 14

central zone (no cancer or benign masses)

also peripheral zone (where PC occurs)

around urethra - periurethral/transitional zone (BPH area)

Question 15

semen contect

Answer 15

most from seminal vesicles (70%)
prostate (20%)
sperm 10%

Question 16

bulbourethral gland in UG sinus of deep perineal pouch

Answer 16

1st step

contracts, librication

Question 17

ductus deferents

Answer 17

2nd step

contracts to move sperm to prostatic urethra under sympathetic control (emission)

Question 18

prostate gland

Answer 18

3rd step

contract, secretion liquefies semen in female repro tract

Question 19

seminal vesicles

Answer 19

4th step

contracts, adds fructose for nourishment, adds bulk to ejeculate

Question 20

bulbospongiosus muscle

Answer 20

5th step

powerful contraction to ejeculate sperm

Question 21

capacitation

Answer 21

occurs in female
ability to fertilize an ovum
glycoproteins are removed from head of sperm

Question 22

acrosome reaction

Answer 22

release of acrosome hyaluronidase and proteases in zona pellucida – sperm penetrates

other sperm blocked via depolarization of ovum membrane (fast block) and then hardening of the zona pellucida from ovum cortical reaction (slow block)

Question 23

cortical reaction

Answer 23

hardening of the zona pellucida - blocks sperm entry as slow block

Question 24

PSA

Answer 24

protease

marker for PC

normally doesn’t enter blood except when produced in very large amounts

Question 25

penis cross section

Answer 25

2 x corpus cavernosum w/ 2 x deep arteries –> erection

1 x corpus spongiosum w/ urethra on ventral side